References H-R

HABTESLASSIE, D., KHORRAMNIA, S., MURUGANANDAN, S., ROMEO, N., SEE, K. & HANNAN, L. M. 2021. Missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis: How often do hospitalised patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have spirometry that supports the diagnosis? Intern Med J. 
HAJA MYDIN, H., MURPHY, S., CLAGUE, H., SRIDHARAN, K. & TAYLOR, I. K. 2013. Anemia and performance status as prognostic markers in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 8, 151-7.
HAJEK, P., PHILLIPS-WALLER, A., PRZULJ, D., PESOLA, F., MYERS SMITH, K., BISAL, N., LI, J., PARROTT, S., SASIENI, P., DAWKINS, L., ROSS, L., GONIEWICZ, M., WU, Q. & MCROBBIE, H. J. 2019. A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy. N Engl J Med, 380, 629-637.
HAKAMY, A., BOLTON, C. E., GIBSON, J. E. & MCKEEVER, T. M. 2018. Risk of fall in patients with COPD. Thorax, 73, 1079-1080.
HALPERN, M. T., ZILBERBERG, M. D., SCHMIER, J. K., LAU, E. C. & SHORR, A. F. 2006. Anemia, costs and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cost Eff Resour Alloc, 4, 17.
HALPIN, D. 2008. Mortality in COPD: inevitable or preventable? Insights from the cardiovascular arena. Copd, 5, 187-200.
HALPIN, D. M., DAHL, R., HALLMANN, C., MUELLER, A. & TASHKIN, D. 2015. Tiotropium HandiHaler((R)) and Respimat((R)) in COPD: a pooled safety analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 10, 239-59.
HALPIN, D. M. G., DECRAMER, M., CELLI, B. R., MUELLER, A., METZDORF, N. & TASHKIN, D. P. 2017. Effect of a single exacerbation on decline in lung function in COPD. Respir Med, 128, 85-91.
HAN, M. K., QUIBRERA, P. M., CARRETTA, E. E., BARR, R. G., BLEECKER, E. R., BOWLER, R. P., COOPER, C. B., COMELLAS, A., COUPER, D. J., CURTIS, J. L., CRINER, G., DRANSFIELD, M. T., HANSEL, N. N., HOFFMAN, E. A., KANNER, R. E., KRISHNAN, J. A., MARTINEZ, C. H., PIROZZI, C. B., O’NEAL, W. K., RENNARD, S., TASHKIN, D. P., WEDZICHA, J. A., WOODRUFF, P., PAINE, R., 3RD & MARTINEZ, F. J. 2017. Frequency of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort. Lancet Respir Med, 5, 619-626.
HAN, M. K., TAYOB, N., MURRAY, S., DRANSFIELD, M. T., WASHKO, G., SCANLON, P. D., CRINER, G. J., CASABURI, R., CONNETT, J., LAZARUS, S. C., ALBERT, R., WOODRUFF, P. & MARTINEZ, F. J. 2014. Predictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation reduction in response to daily azithromycin therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 189, 1503-8.
HANANIA, N. A., MULLEROVA, H., LOCANTORE, N. W., VESTBO, J., WATKINS, M. L., WOUTERS, E. F., RENNARD, S. I. & SHARAFKHANEH, A. 2011. Determinants of Depression in the ECLIPSE Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 183, 604-611.
HANLON, P., GUO, X., MCGHEE, E., LEWSEY, J., MCALLISTER, D. & MAIR, F. S. 2023. Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, trajectories, and clinical outcomes for frailty in COPD. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med, 33, 1.
HANSEL, N. N., MCCORMACK, M. C., BELLI, A. J., MATSUI, E. C., PENG, R. D., ALOE, C., PAULIN, L., WILLIAMS, D. L., DIETTE, G. B. & BREYSSE, P. N. 2013. In-home air pollution is linked to respiratory morbidity in former smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 187, 1085-90.
HARB, H.  S., IBRAHIM LAZ, N.,  RABEA, H. &  ABDELRAHIM, M. E.  A. 2021. Determinants of incorrect inhaler technique in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Int J Clin Pract, 75, e14073.
HARDIN, K. A., MEYERS, F. & LOUIE, S. 2008. Integrating palliative care in severe chronic obstructive lung disease. COPD, 5, 207-20.
HAROON, S., ADAB, P., DICKENS, A. P., SITCH, A. J., RAI, K., ENOCSON, A., FITZMAURICE, D. A. & JORDAN, R. E. 2020. Impact of COPD case finding on clinical care: a prospective analysis of the TargetCOPD trial. BMJ Open, 10, e038286.
HAROON, S. M., JORDAN, R. E., O’BEIRNE-ELLIMAN, J. & ADAB, P. 2015. Effectiveness of case finding strategies for COPD in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med, 25, 15056.
HARRISON, M. T., SHORT, P., WILLIAMSON, P. A., SINGANAYAGAM, A., CHALMERS, J. D. & SCHEMBRI, S. 2014. Thrombocytosis is associated with increased short and long term mortality after exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a role for antiplatelet therapy? Thorax, 69, 609-15.
HART, J. E., LADEN, F., EISEN, E. A., SMITH, T. J. & GARSHICK, E. 2009. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in railroad workers. Occup Environ Med, 66, 221-6.
HARTJES, F. J., VONK, J. M., FAIZ, A., HIEMSTRA, P. S., LAPPERRE, T. S., KERSTJENS, H. A. M., POSTMA, D. S. & VAN DEN BERGE, M. 2018. Predictive value of eosinophils and neutrophils on clinical effects of ICS in COPD. Respirology, 23, 1023-1031.
HARTLEY, T., LANE, N. D., STEER, J., ELLIOTT, M. W., SOVANI, M. P., CURTIS, H. J., FULLER, E. R., MURPHY, P. B., SHRIKRISHNA, D., LEWIS, K. E., WARD, N. R., TURNBULL, C. D., HART, N. & BOURKE, S. C. 2021. The NIV Outcomes (NIVO) Score: prediction of in-hospital mortality in exacerbations of COPD requiring assisted ventilation. Eur Respir J.
HARTMAN, J. E., BOEZEN, H. M., DE GREEF, M. H. & TEN HACKEN, N. H. 2013. Physical and psychosocial factors associated with physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 94, 2396-2402 e7.
HARTMANN-BOYCE, J., MCROBBIE, H., BULLEN, C., BEGH, R., STEAD, L. F. 2016. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 9, CD010216.
HARTMANN-BOYCE, J., MCROBBIE, H., BUTLER, A. R., LINDSON, N., BULLEN, C., BEGH, R., THEODOULOU, A., NOTLEY, C., RIGOTTI, N. A., TURNER, T. & ET AL. 2021. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
HASTIE, A. T., MARTINEZ, F. J., CURTIS, J. L., DOERSCHUK, C. M., HANSEL, N. N., CHRISTENSON, S., PUTCHA, N., ORTEGA, V. E., LI, X., BARR, R. G., CARRETTA, E. E., COUPER, D. J., COOPER, C. B., HOFFMAN, E. A., KANNER, R. E., KLEERUP, E., O’NEAL, W. K., PAINE, R., 3RD, PETERS, S. P., ALEXIS, N. E., WOODRUFF, P. G., HAN, M. K., MEYERS, D. A. & BLEECKER, E. R. 2017. Association of sputum and blood eosinophil concentrations with clinical measures of COPD severity: an analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort. Lancet Respir Med, 5, 956-967.
HERATH, S. C., NORMANSELL, R., MAISEY, S. & POOLE, P. 2018. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 10, CD009764.
HERTH, F. J. F., SLEBOS, D. J., CRINER, G. J. & SHAH, P. L. 2017. Endoscopic Lung Volume Reduction: An Expert Panel Recommendation – Update 2017. Respiration, 94, 380-388.
HESLOP-MARSHALL, K., BAKER, C., CARRICK-SEN, D., NEWTON, J., ECHEVARRIA, C., STENTON, C., JAMBON, M., GRAY, J., PEARCE, K., BURNS, G. & DE SOYZA, A. 2018. Randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy in COPD. ERJ Open Res, 4.
HIGGINSON, I. J., BAUSEWEIN, C., REILLY, C. C., GAO, W., GYSELS, M., DZINGINA, M., MCCRONE, P., BOOTH, S., JOLLEY, C. J. & MOXHAM, J. 2014. An integrated palliative and respiratory care service for patients with advanced disease and refractory breathlessness: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med, 2, 979-87.
HILL, K., CAVALHERI, V., MATHUR, S., ROIG, M., JANAUDIS-FERREIRA, T., ROBLES, P., DOLMAGE, T. E. & GOLDSTEIN, R. 2018. Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 5, Cd010821.
HILL, K., GARDINER, P. A., CAVALHERI, V., JENKINS, S. C. & HEALY, G. N. 2015. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour: applying lessons to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern Med J, 45, 474-82.
HILL, K., PATMAN, S. & BROOKS, D. 2010. Effect of airway clearance techniques in patients experiencing an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Chron Respir Dis, 7, 9-17.
HO, T. W., TSAI, Y. J., RUAN, S. Y., HUANG, C. T., LAI, F. & YU, C. J. 2014. In-hospital and one-year mortality and their predictors in patients hospitalized for first-ever chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: a nationwide population-based study. PLoS One, 9, e114866.
HOISETH, A. D., OMLAND, T., HAGVE, T. A., BREKKE, P. H. & SOYSETH, V. 2012. NT-proBNP independently predicts long term mortality after acute exacerbation of COPD – a prospective cohort study. Respir Res, 13, 97.
HOLE, D. J., WATT, G. C., DAVEY-SMITH, G., HART, C. L., GILLIS, C. R. & HAWTHORNE, V. M. 1996. Impaired lung function and mortality risk in men and women: findings from the Renfrew and Paisley prospective population study. BMJ, 313, 711-5; discussion 715-6.
HOLLAND, A. E. & BUTTON, B. M. 2006. Is there a role for airway clearance techniques in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Chron Respir Dis, 3, 83-91.
HOLLAND, A. E., HILL, C. J., JONES, A. Y. & MCDONALD, C. F. 2012. Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 10, CD008250.
HOLVERDA, S., RIETEMA, H., BOGAARD, H. J., WESTERHOF, N., POSTMUS, P. E., BOONSTRA, A. & VONK-NOORDEGRAAF, A. 2008. Acute effects of sildenafil on exercise pulmonary hemodynamics and capacity in patients with COPD. Pulm Pharmacol Ther, 21, 558-64.
HOLVERDA, S., RUTGERS, M. R. & KERSTJENS, H. A. M. 2020. Time to rename COPD exacerbations: implementing the term lung attack. Lancet Respir Med, 8, e25.
HONG, Y., LIU, Q., BAI, L., JIANG, L., HAN, X., HUANG, S., HU, W., DUAN, J. & LIU, C. 2020. Head-To-Head Comparison of Treatment Failure and Costs among COPD Patients Who Used Noninvasive Ventilation in the Ward versus in the ICU: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study. Can Respir J, 2020, 6682589.
HOOGENDOORN, M., FEENSTRA, T. L., HOOGENVEEN, R. T., AL, M. & MOLKEN, M. R. 2010a. Association between lung function and exacerbation frequency in patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 5, 435-44.
HOOGENDOORN, M., HOOGENVEEN, R. T., RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M. P., VESTBO, J. & FEENSTRA, T. L. 2010b Case fatality of COPD exacerbations: a meta-analysis and statistical modelling approach. Eur Respir J, 37, 508-15.
HOONG, J. M., FERGUSON, M., HUKINS, C. & COLLINS, P. F. 2017. Economic and operational burden associated with malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Nutr, 36, 1105-1109.
HOWCROFT, M., WALTERS, E. H., WOOD-BAKER, R. & WALTERS, J. A. 2016. Action plans with brief patient education for exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 12, Cd005074.
HU, G., ZHOU, Y., TIAN, J., YAO, W., LI, J., LI, B. & RAN, P. 2010. Risk of COPD from exposure to biomass smoke: a metaanalysis. Chest, 138, 20-31.
HUANG, S. W., WANG, W. T., CHOU, L. C., CHEN, H. C., LIOU, T. H. & LIN, H. W. 2016. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Increases the Risk of Hip Fracture: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Sci Rep, 6, 23360.
HUGHES, J. R., STEAD, L. F., HARTMANN-BOYCE, J., CAHILL, K. & LANCASTER, T. 2014. Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, CD000031.
HUGHES, J. R., STEAD, L. F. & LANCASTER, T. 2000. Anxiolytics for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD002849.
HUNG, W. W., WISNIVESKY, J. P., SIU, A. L. & ROSS, J. S. 2009. Cognitive decline among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 180, 134-7.
HUNT, T., MADIGAN, S., WILLIAMS, M. T. & OLDS, T. S. 2014. Use of time in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease–a systematic review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 9, 1377-88.
HUNTER, D. J. 2000. Disease management: has it a future? It has a compelling logic, but needs to be tested in practice. Bmj, 320, 530.
HUNTER, D. J. & FAIRFIELD, G. 1997. Disease management. Bmj, 315, 50-3.
HURST, J. R., ELBORN, J. S., DE SOYZA, A. & CONSORTIUM, B.-U. 2015. COPD-bronchiectasis overlap syndrome. Eur Respir J, 45, 310-3.
HURST, J. R., HAN, M. K., SINGH, B., SHARMA, S., KAUR, G., DE NIGRIS, E., HOLMGREN, U. & SIDDIQUI, M. K. 2022. Prognostic risk factors for moderate-to-severe exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic literature review. Respir Res, 23, 213.
HURST, J. R., VESTBO, J., ANZUETO, A., LOCANTORE, N., MULLEROVA, H., TAL-SINGER, R., MILLER, B., LOMAS, D. A., AGUSTI, A., MACNEE, W., CALVERLEY, P., RENNARD, S., WOUTERS, E. F. & WEDZICHA, J. A. 2010. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med, 363, 1128-38.
HYNNINEN, M. J., BJERKE, N., PALLESEN, S., BAKKE, P. S. & NORDHUS, I. H. 2010. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respir Med, 104, 986-94.
IAMTHANAPORN, C., WISITSARTKUL, A. & CHUAYCHOO, B. 2023. Cognitive impairment according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment independently predicts the ability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients to maintain proper inhaler technique. BMC Pulm Med, 23, 144.
INCALZI, R. A., GEMMA, A., MARRA, C., CAPPARELLA, O., FUSO, L. & CARBONIN, P. 1997. Verbal memory impairment in COPD: its mechanisms and clinical relevance. Chest, 112, 1506-13.
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE COMMITTEE ON THE CROSSING THE QUALITY CHASM: NEXT STEPS TOWARD A NEW HEALTH CARE, S. 2004. In: ADAMS, K., GREINER, A. C. & CORRIGAN, J. M. (eds.) The 1st Annual Crossing the Quality Chasm Summit: A Focus on Communities. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
ISMAILA, A. S., HUISMAN, E. L., PUNEKAR, Y. S. & KARABIS, A. 2015. Comparative efficacy of long-acting muscarinic antagonist monotherapies in COPD: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 10, 2495-517.
IVERSEN, K. K., KJAERGAARD, J., AKKAN, D., KOBER, L., TORP-PEDERSEN, C., HASSAGER, C., VESTBO, J. & KJOLLER, E. 2008. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients admitted with heart failure. J Intern Med, 264, 361-9.
IYER, A. S., WELLS, J. M., VISHIN, S., BHATT, S. P., WILLE, K. M. & DRANSFIELD, M. T. 2014. CT scan-measured pulmonary artery to aorta ratio and echocardiography for detecting pulmonary hypertension in severe COPD. Chest, 145, 824-32.
JACOBS, D. M., NOYES, K., ZHAO, J., GIBSON, W., MURPHY, T. F., SETHI, S. & OCHS-BALCOM, H. M. 2018. Early Hospital Readmissions after an Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Nationwide Readmissions Database. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 15, 837-845.
JAIN, V. V., ALLISON, D. R., ANDREWS, S., MEJIA, J., MILLS, P. K. & PETERSON, M. W. 2015. Misdiagnosis Among Frequent Exacerbators of Clinically Diagnosed Asthma and COPD in Absence of Confirmation of Airflow Obstruction. Lung, 193, 505-12.
JANJUA, S., MATHIOUDAKIS, A. G., FORTESCUE, R., WALKER, R. A., SHARIF, S., THREAPLETON, C. J. & DIAS, S. 2021. Prophylactic antibiotics for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, Cd013198.
JANKOWICH, M. D. & ROUNDS, S. I. S. 2012. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a review. Chest, 141, 222-231.
JANSON, C., LISSPERS, K., STÄLLBERG, B., JOHANSSON, G., GUTZWILLER, F. S., MEZZI, K., MINDEHOLM, L., BJERREGAARD, B. K., JORGENSEN, L. & LARSSON, K. 2021. Osteoporosis and fracture risk associated with inhaled corticosteroid use among Swedish COPD patients: the ARCTIC study. Eur Respir J, 57.
JANSSEN, D. J., SPRUIT, M. A., SCHOLS, J. M., COX, B., NAWROT, T. S., CURTIS, J. R. & WOUTERS, E. F. 2012. Predicting changes in preferences for life-sustaining treatment among patients with advanced chronic organ failure. Chest, 141, 1251-9.
JENKINS, C. R., CELLI, B., ANDERSON, J. A., FERGUSON, G. T., JONES, P. W., VESTBO, J., YATES, J. C. & CALVERLEY, P. M. 2012. Seasonality and determinants of moderate and severe COPD exacerbations in the TORCH study. Eur Respir J, 39, 38-45.
JENKINS, C. R., WEN, F. Q., MARTIN, A., BARNES, P. J., CELLI, B., ZHONG, N. S., ZHENG, J. P., SCARIA, A., DI TANNA, G. L., BRADBURY, T. & BEREND, N. 2020. The Effect of Low Dose Corticosteroids and Theophylline on the Risk of Acute Exacerbations of COPD. The TASCS Randomised Controlled Trial. Eur Respir J.
JENNINGS, J. H., THAVARAJAH, K., MENDEZ, M. P., EICHENHORN, M., KVALE, P. & YESSAYAN, L. 2015. Predischarge bundle for patients with acute exacerbations of COPD to reduce readmissions and ED visits: a randomized controlled trial. Chest, 147, 1227-34.
JEPPESEN, E., BRURBERG, K. G., VIST, G. E., WEDZICHA, J. A., WRIGHT, J. J., GREENSTONE, M. & WALTERS, J. A. 2012. Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 5, CD003573.
JIA, X., ZHOU, S., LUO, D., ZHAO, X., ZHOU, Y. & CUI, Y. M. 2020. Effect of pharmacist-led interventions on medication adherence and inhalation technique in adult patients with asthma or COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther, 45(5), 904-917 
JIMENEZ-RUIZ, C. A., ANDREAS, S., LEWIS, K. E., TONNESEN, P., VAN SCHAYCK, C. P., HAJEK, P., TONSTAD, S., DAUTZENBERG, B., FLETCHER, M., MASEFIELD, S., POWELL, P., HERING, T., NARDINI, S., TONIA, T. & GRATZIOU, C. 2015. Statement on smoking cessation in COPD and other pulmonary diseases and in smokers with comorbidities who find it difficult to quit. Eur Respir J, 46, 61-79.
JOHAL, K. S., BOULTON, C. & MORAN, C. G. 2009. Hip fractures after falls in hospital: a retrospective observational cohort study. Injury, 40, 201-4.
JOHNSON, K. M., KHAKBAN, A., BRYAN, S., SIN, D. D. & SADATSAFAVI, M. 2020. Healthcare system encounters before COPD diagnosis: a registry-based longitudinal cohort study. Thorax, 75:
JOHNSON, M. J., BOOTH, S., CURROW, D. C., LAM, L. T. & PHILLIPS, J. L. 2016. A Mixed-Methods, Randomized, Controlled Feasibility Trial to Inform the Design of a Phase III Trial to Test the Effect of the Handheld Fan on Physical Activity and Carer Anxiety in Patients With Refractory Breathlessness. J Pain Symptom Manage, 51, 807-15.
JOHNSON, M. J., BOWDEN, J. A., ABERNETHY, A. P. & CURROW, D. C. 2012. To what causes do people attribute their chronic breathlessness? A population survey. J Palliat Med, 15, 744-50.
JOHNSTON, K. N., YOUNG, M., GRIMMER-SOMERS, K. A., ANTIC, R. & FRITH, P. A. 2011. Why are some evidence-based care recommendations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease better implemented than others? Perspectives of medical practitioners. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 6, 659-67.
JOLLIFFE, D. A., GREENBERG, L., HOOPER, R. L., MATHYSSEN, C., RAFIQ, R., DE JONGH, R. T., CAMARGO, C. A., GRIFFITHS, C. J., JANSSENS, W. & MARTINEAU, A. R. 2019. Vitamin D to prevent exacerbations of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials. Thorax, 74, 337-345.
JOLLY, K., MAJOTHI, S., SITCH, A. J., HENEGHAN, N. R., RILEY, R. D., MOORE, D. J., BATES, E. J., TURNER, A. M., BAYLISS, S. E., PRICE, M. J., SINGH, S. J., ADAB, P., FITZMAURICE, D. A. & JORDAN, R. E. 2016. Self-management of health care behaviors for COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 11, 305-26.
JOLLY, K., SIDHU, M. S., HEWITT, C. A., COVENTRY, P. A., DALEY, A., JORDAN, R., HENEGHAN, C., SINGH, S., IVES, N., ADAB, P., JOWETT, S., VARGHESE, J., NUNAN, D., AHMED, K., DOWSON, L. & FITZMAURICE, D. 2018. Self management of patients with mild COPD in primary care: randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 361, k2241.
JONES, A. T. & EVANS, T. W. 1997. NO: COPD and beyond. Thorax, 52 Suppl 3, S16-21.
JONES, D. A. & PETERS, T. J. 1992. Caring for elderly dependents: effects on the carers’ quality of life. Age Ageing, 21, 421-8.
JONES, K. A., GIBSON, P. G., YORKE, J., NIVEN, R., SMITH, A. & MCDONALD, V. M. 2019. Attack, flare-up, or exacerbation? The terminology preferences of patients with severe asthma. J Asthma, 1-10.
JONES, P. W., ANDERSON, J. A., CALVERLEY, P. M., CELLI, B. R., FERGUSON, G. T., JENKINS, C., YATES, J. C., VESTBO, J. & SPENCER, M. D. 2011a. Health status in the TORCH study of COPD: treatment efficacy and other determinants of change. Respir Res, 12, 71.
JONES, P. W., HARDING, G., BERRY, P., WIKLUND, I., CHEN, W. H. & KLINE LEIDY, N. 2009. Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. Eur Respir J, 34, 648-54.
JONES, P. W., LAMARCA, R., CHUECOS, F., SINGH, D., AGUSTI, A., BATEMAN, E. D., DE MIQUEL, G., CARACTA, C. & GARCIA GIL, E. 2014. Characterisation and impact of reported and unreported exacerbations: results from ATTAIN. Eur Respir J, 44, 1156-65.
JONES, P. W., TABBERER, M. & CHEN, W. H. 2011b. Creating scenarios of the impact of COPD and their relationship to COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores. BMC Pulm Med, 11, 42.
JONKMAN, N. H., WESTLAND, H., TRAPPENBURG, J. C., GROENWOLD, R. H., BISCHOFF, E. W., BOURBEAU, J., BUCKNALL, C. E., COULTAS, D., EFFING, T. W., EPTON, M., GALLEFOSS, F., GARCIA-AYMERICH, J., LLOYD, S. M., MONNINKHOF, E. M., NGUYEN, H. Q., VAN DER PALEN, J., RICE, K. L., SEDENO, M., TAYLOR, S. J., TROOSTERS, T., ZWAR, N. A., HOES, A. W. & SCHUURMANS, M. J. 2016a. Characteristics of effective self-management interventions in patients with COPD: individual patient data meta-analysis. Eur Respir J, 48, 55-68.
JONKMAN, N. H., WESTLAND, H., TRAPPENBURG, J. C., GROENWOLD, R. H., BISCHOFF, E. W., BOURBEAU, J., BUCKNALL, C. E., COULTAS, D., EFFING, T. W., EPTON, M. J., GALLEFOSS, F., GARCIA-AYMERICH, J., LLOYD, S. M., MONNINKHOF, E. M., NGUYEN, H. Q., VAN DER PALEN, J., RICE, K. L., SEDENO, M., TAYLOR, S. J., TROOSTERS, T., ZWAR, N. A., HOES, A. W. & SCHUURMANS, M. J. 2016b. Do self-management interventions in COPD patients work and which patients benefit most? An individual patient data meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 11, 2063-74.
JORDAN, N., LEE, T. A., VALENSTEIN, M., PIRRAGLIA, P. A. & WEISS, K. B. 2009. Effect of depression care on outcomes in COPD patients with depression. Chest, 135, 626-32.
JORDAN, R. E., ADAB, P., SITCH, A., ENOCSON, A., BLISSETT, D., JOWETT, S., MARSH, J., RILEY, R. D., MILLER, M. R., COOPER, B. G., TURNER, A. M., JOLLY, K., AYRES, J. G., HAROON, S., STOCKLEY, R., GREENFIELD, S., SIEBERT, S., DALEY, A. J., CHENG, K. K. & FITZMAURICE, D. 2016. Targeted case finding for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease versus routine practice in primary care (TargetCOPD): a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med, 4, 720-730.
JOSEPH, A. M., NORMAN, S. M., FERRY, L. H., PROCHAZKA, A. V., WESTMAN, E. C., STEELE, B. G., SHERMAN, S. E., CLEVELAND, M., ANTONUCCIO, D. O., HARTMAN, N. & MCGOVERN, P. G. 1996. The safety of transdermal nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation in patients with cardiac disease. N Engl J Med, 335, 1792-8.
KAIRY, D., LEHOUX, P., VINCENT, C. & VISINTIN, M. 2009. A systematic review of clinical outcomes, clinical process, healthcare utilization and costs associated with telerehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil, 31, 427-47.
KAKOULLIS, L., SAMPSONAS, F., KARAMOUZOS, V., KYRIAKOU, G., PARPERIS, K., PAPACHRISTODOULOU, E., CHRISTOPHI, C., LYKOURAS, D., KALOGEROPOULOU, C., DAOUSSIS, D., PANOS, G., VELISSARIS, D., KARKOULIAS, K. & SPIROPOULOS, K. 2021. The impact of osteoporosis and vertebral compression fractures on mortality and association with pulmonary function in COPD: A meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine, 89, 105249.
KALUZA, J., LARSSON, S. C., ORSINI, N., LINDEN, A. & WOLK, A. 2017. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of COPD: a prospective cohort study of men. Thorax, 72 (6), 500-509.
KAMENAR, K., HOSSEN, S., GUPTE, A. N., SIDDHARTHAN, T., POLLARD, S., CHOWDHURY, M., RUBINSTEIN, A. L., IRAZOLA, V. E., GUTIERREZ, L., MIRANDA, J. J., BERNABE-ORTIZ, A., ALAM, D., KIRENGA, B., JONES, R. C., VAN GEMERT, F., WISE, R. A. & CHECKLEY, W. 2021. Previous tuberculosis disease as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional analysis of multicountry, population-based studies. Thorax.
KARDOS, P., WENCKER, M., GLAAB, T. & VOGELMEIER, C. 2007. Impact of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate versus salmeterol on exacerbations in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 175, 144-9.
KARLOH, M., FLEIG MAYER, A., MAURICI, R., PIZZICHINI, M. M., JONES, P. W. & PIZZICHINI, E. 2016. The COPD Assessment Test: What Do We Know So Far?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis About Clinical Outcomes Prediction and Classification of Patients Into GOLD Stages. Chest, 149, 413-25.
KARNER, C., CHONG, J. & POOLE, P. 2014. Tiotropium versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 7, CD009285.
KASTELIK, J. A., LOWE, D., STONE, R. A., BUCKINGHAM, R. J. & ROBERTS, C. M. 2012. National audit of supported discharge programmes for management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2008. Thorax, 67, 371-3.
KATON, W., LIN, E. H. & KROENKE, K. 2007. The association of depression and anxiety with medical symptom burden in patients with chronic medical illness. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 29, 147-55.
KATSIMIGAS, A., TUPPER, O. D. & ULRIK, C. S. 2019. Opportunistic screening for COPD in primary care: a pooled analysis of 6,710 symptomatic smokers and ex-smokers. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 14, 1633-1638.
KEATING, A., LEE, A. & HOLLAND, A. E. 2011. What prevents people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from attending pulmonary rehabilitation? A systematic review. Chron Respir Dis, 8, 89-99.
KELLY, A. M., HOLDGATE, A., KEIJZERS, G., KLIM, S., GRAHAM, C. A., CRAIG, S., KUAN, W. S., JONES, P., LAWOKO, C. & LARIBI, S. 2018. Epidemiology, treatment, disposition and outcome of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD presenting to emergency departments in Australia and South East Asia: An AANZDEM study. Respirology, 23, 681-686.
KELLY, A. M., VAN MEER, O., KEIJZERS, G., MOTIEJUNAITE, J., JONES, P., BODY, R., CRAIG, S., KARAMERCAN, M., KLIM, S., HARJOLA, V. P., FRANCK, V., HOLDGATE, A., CHRIST, M., GOLEA, A., GRAHAM, C. A., CAPSEC, J., BARLETTA, C., GARCIA-CASTRILLO, L., KUAN, W. S. & LARIBI, S. 2019. Get With The Guidelines – Management Of COPD In EDs In Europe And Australasia is sub-optimal. Intern Med J. 2019 Apr 15. doi: 10.1111/imj.14323. [Epub ahead of print].
KELLY, C. A. & GIBSON, G. J. 1988. Relation between FEV1 and peak expiratory flow in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Thorax, 43, 335-6.
KENNEDY, A., REEVES, D., BOWER, P., LEE, V., MIDDLETON, E., RICHARDSON, G., GARDNER, C., GATELY, C. & ROGERS, A. 2007. The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a national lay-led self care support programme for patients with long-term conditions: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. J Epidemiol Community Health, 61, 254-61.
KERANIS, E., MAKRIS, D., RODOPOULOU, P., MARTINOU, H., PAPAMAKARIOS, G., DANIIL, Z., ZINTZARAS, E. & GOURGOULIANIS, K. I. 2010. Impact of dietary shift to higher-antioxidant foods in COPD: a randomised trial. Eur Respir J, 36, 774-80.
KERTSCHER, B., SPEYER, R., FONG, E., GEORGIOU, A. M. & SMITH, M. 2015. Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in the Netherlands: a telephone survey. Dysphagia, 30, 114-20.
KERWIN, E., HEBERT, J., GALLAGHER, N., MARTIN, C., OVEREND, T., ALAGAPPAN, V. K., LU, Y. & BANERJI, D. 2012. Efficacy and safety of NVA237 versus placebo and tiotropium in patients with COPD: the GLOW2 study. Eur Respir J, 40, 1106-14.
KERWIN, E. M., SCOTT-WILSON, C., SANFORD, L., RENNARD, S., AGUSTI, A., BARNES, N. & CRIM, C. 2013. A randomised trial of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (50/25 mug; 100/25 mug) on lung function in COPD. Respir Med, 107, 560-9.
KESSLER, R., CASAN-CLARA, P., KOEHLER, D., TOGNELLA, S., VIEJO, J. L., DAL NEGRO, R. W., DIAZ-LOBATO, S., REISSIG, K., RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ-MORO, J. M., DEVOUASSOUX, G., CHAVAILLON, J. M., BOTRUS, P., ARNAL, J. M., ANCOCHEA, J., BERGERON-LAFAURIE, A., DE ABAJO, C., RANDERATH, W. J., BASTIAN, A., CORNELISSEN, C. G., NILIUS, G., TEXEREAU, J. B. & BOURBEAU, J. 2018. COMET: a multicomponent home-based disease-management programme versus routine care in severe COPD. Eur Respir J, 51.
KESSLER, R., FALLER, M., FOURGAUT, G., MENNECIER, B. & WEITZENBLUM, E. 1999. Predictive factors of hospitalization for acute exacerbation in a series of 64 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159, 158-64.
KESSLER, R., STAHL, E., VOGELMEIER, C., HAUGHNEY, J., TRUDEAU, E., LÖFDAHL, C. G. & PARTRIDGE, M. R. 2006. Patient understanding, detection, and experience of COPD exacerbations: an observational, interview-based study. Chest, 130, 133-42.
KEW, K. M., DIAS, S. & CATES, C. J. 2014a. Long-acting inhaled therapy (beta-agonists, anticholinergics and steroids) for COPD: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, CD010844.
KHOR, Y. H., WONG, R. & MCDONALD, C. F. 2019. Post-Hospitalization Short-Term Oxygen Therapy: Use of a Clinical Management Pathway and Long-Term Follow-Up. Respir Care, 64, 272-278.
KIM, Y. R., HWANG, I. C., LEE, Y. J., HAM, E. B., PARK, D. K. & KIM, S. 2018. Stroke risk among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo), 73, e177.
KLIBER, A., LYND, L. D. & SIN, D. D. 2010. The effects of long-acting bronchodilators on total mortality in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res, 11, 56.
KLOOSTER, K., VALIPOUR, A., MARQUETTE, C. H., BOUTROS, J., MAL, H., MARCEAU, A., SHAH, P. L., CONWAY, F., DESLÉE, G., BOURDIN, A., PISON, C., GRAH, C., HETZEL, M., SCHUMANN, C., KESSLER, R., HUEBNER, R. H., SKOWASCH, D., DARWICHE, K., HAMMERL, P., STANZEL, F., BEZZI, M., DUTAU, H., HERTH, F. J. F. & SLEBOS, D. J. 2021. Endobronchial Coil System versus Standard-of-Care Medical Management in the Treatment of Subjects with Severe Emphysema. Respiration, 100, 804-810.
KNAUFT, E., NIELSEN, E. L., ENGELBERG, R. A., PATRICK, D. L. & CURTIS, J. R. 2005. Barriers and facilitators to end-of-life care communication for patients with COPD. Chest, 127, 2188-96.
KO, F. W., CHEUNG, N. K., RAINER, T. H., LUM, C., WONG, I. & HUI, D. S. 2017. Comprehensive care programme for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax, 72, 122-128.
KOBAYASHI, S., KUBO, H. & YANAI, M. 2007. Impairment of the swallowing reflex in exacerbations of COPD. Thorax, 62, 1017.
KOJIMA, G., ILIFFE, S. & WALTERS, K. 2015. Smoking as a predictor of frailty: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr, 15, 131.
KOLLERT, F., TIPPELT, A., MULLER, C., JORRES, R. A., PORZELIUS, C., PFEIFER, M. & BUDWEISER, S. 2013. Hemoglobin levels above anemia thresholds are maximally predictive for long-term survival in COPD with chronic respiratory failure. Respir Care, 58, 1204-12.
KONECNY, T., PARK, J. Y., SOMERS, K. R., KONECNY, D., ORBAN, M., SOUCEK, F., PARKER, K. O., SCANLON, P. D., ASIRVATHAM, S. J., BRADY, P. A. & RIHAL, C. S. 2014. Relation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol, 114, 272-7.
KONECNY, T., SOMERS, K., ORBAN, M., KOSHINO, Y., LENNON, R. J., SCANLON, P. D. & RIHAL, C. S. 2010. Interactions between COPD and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention. Chest, 138, 621-7.
KOPSAFTIS, Z., WOOD-BAKER, R. & POOLE, P. 2018a. Influenza vaccine for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 6, Cd002733.
KOPSAFTIS, Z. A., SULAIMAN, N. S., MOUNTAIN, O. D., CARSON-CHAHHOUD, K. V., PHILLIPS, P. A. & SMITH, B. J. 2018b. Short-acting bronchodilators for the management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the hospital setting: systematic review. Syst Rev, 7, 213.
KORNUM, J. B., SVAERKE, C., THOMSEN, R. W., LANGE, P. & SORENSEN, H. T. 2012. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer risk: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Respir Med, 106, 845-52.
KRISHNAN, G., GRANT, B. J., MUTI, P. C., MISHRA, A., OCHS-BALCOM, H. M., FREUDENHEIM, J. L., TREVISAN, M. & SCHUNEMANN, H. J. 2006. Association between anemia and quality of life in a population sample of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med, 6, 23.
KRISHNAN, S., TAN, W. C., FARIAS, R., AARON, S. D., BENEDETTI, A., CHAPMAN, K. R., HERNANDEZ, P., MALTAIS, F., MARCINIUK, D. D., O’DONNELL, D. E., SIN, D. D., WALKER, B. & BOURBEAU, J. 2023. Impaired Spirometry and COPD Increase the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Canadian Cohort Study. Chest.
KROENKE, K., SPITZER, R. L., WILLIAMS, J. B. & LOWE, B. 2010. The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 32, 345-59.
KRUIS, A. L., BOLAND, M. R., ASSENDELFT, W. J., GUSSEKLOO, J., TSIACHRISTAS, A., STIJNEN, T., BLOM, C., SONT, J. K., RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M. P. & CHAVANNES, N. H. 2014. Effectiveness of integrated disease management for primary care chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: results of cluster randomised trial. BMJ, 349, g5392.
KRUIS, A. L., SMIDT, N., ASSENDELFT, W. J., GUSSEKLOO, J., BOLAND, M. R., RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M. & CHAVANNES, N. H. 2013. Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 10, CD009437.
KUNISAKI, K. M., DRANSFIELD, M. T., ANDERSON, J. A., BROOK, R. D., CALVERLEY, P. M. A., CELLI, B. R., CRIM, C., HARTLEY, B. F., MARTINEZ, F. J., NEWBY, D. E., PRAGMAN, A. A., VESTBO, J., YATES, J. C. & NIEWOEHNER, D. E. 2018. Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cardiac Events. A Post Hoc Cohort Analysis from the SUMMIT Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 198, 51-57.
LABAKI, W. W., XIA, M., MURRAY, S., CURTIS, J. L., BARR, R. G., BHATT, S. P., BLEECKER, E. R., HANSEL, N. N., COOPER, C. B., DRANSFIELD, M. T., WELLS, J. M., HOFFMAN, E. A., KANNER, R. E., PAINE, R., 3RD, ORTEGA, V. E., PETERS, S. P., KRISHNAN, J. A., BOWLER, R. P., COUPER, D. J., WOODRUFF, P. G., MARTINEZ, F. J., MARTINEZ, C. H. & HAN, M. K. 2018. NT-proBNP in stable COPD and future exacerbation risk: Analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort. Respir Med, 140, 87-93.
LACASSE, Y., CASABURI, R., SLIWINSKI, P., CHAOUAT, A., FLETCHER, E., HAIDL, P. & MALTAIS, F. 2022. Home oxygen for moderate hypoxaemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med.
LACASSE, Y., SÉRIÈS, F., CORBEIL, F., BALTZAN, M., PARADIS, B., SIMÃO, P., ABAD FERNÁNDEZ, A., ESTEBAN, C., GUIMARÃES, M., BOURBEAU, J., AARON, S. D., BERNARD, S. & MALTAIS, F. 2020. Randomized Trial of Nocturnal Oxygen in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. N Engl J Med, 383, 1129-1138.
LAHHAM, A., MCDONALD, C. F. & HOLLAND, A. E. 2016. Exercise training alone or with the addition of activity counseling improves physical activity levels in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 11, 3121-3136.
LAHOUSSE, L., VAN DEN BOUWHUIJSEN, Q. J., LOTH, D. W., JOOS, G. F., HOFMAN, A., WITTEMAN, J. C., VAN DER LUGT, A., BRUSSELLE, G. G. & STRICKER, B. H. 2013. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lipid core carotid artery plaques in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 187, 58-64.
LAHOUSSE, L., VERHAMME, K. M., STRICKER, B. H. & BRUSSELLE, G. G. 2016. Cardiac effects of current treatments of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet Respir Med, 4, 149-64.
LAHOUSSE, L., ZIERE, G., VERLINDEN, V. J., ZILLIKENS, M. C., UITTERLINDEN, A. G., RIVADENEIRA, F., TIEMEIER, H., JOOS, G. F., HOFMAN, A., IKRAM, M. A., FRANCO, O. H., BRUSSELLE, G. G. & STRICKER, B. H. 2016b. Risk of Frailty in Elderly With COPD: A Population-Based Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 71, 689-95.
LAKSHMINARASIMHACHAR, A. & SMETANA, G. W. 2016. Preoperative Evaluation: Estimation of Pulmonary Risk. Anesthesiol Clin, 34, 71-88.
LANDBO, C., PRESCOTT, E., LANGE, P., VESTBO, J. & ALMDAL, T. P. 1999. Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160, 1856-61.
LANGE, N. E., SPARROW, D., VOKONAS, P. & LITONJUA, A. A. 2012. Vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and lung function in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 186, 616-21.
LANGE, P., CELLI, B., AGUSTI, A., BOJE JENSEN, G., DIVO, M., FANER, R., GUERRA, S., MAROTT, J. L., MARTINEZ, F. D., MARTINEZ-CAMBLOR, P., MEEK, P., OWEN, C. A., PETERSEN, H., PINTO-PLATA, V., SCHNOHR, P., SOOD, A., SORIANO, J. B., TESFAIGZI, Y. & VESTBO, J. 2015. Lung-Function Trajectories Leading to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. N Engl J Med, 373, 111-22.
LAROS, C. D., GELISSEN, H. J., BERGSTEIN, P. G., VAN DEN BOSCH, J. M., VANDERSCHUEREN, R. G., WESTERMANN, C. J. & KNAEPEN, P. J. 1986. Bullectomy for giant bullae in emphysema. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 91, 63-70.
LAURIN, C., MOULLEC, G., BACON, S. L. & LAVOIE, K. L. 2012. Impact of anxiety and depression on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation risk. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 185, 918-23.
LAVESEN, M., LADELUND, S., FREDERIKSEN, A. J., LINDHARDT, B. O. & OVERGAARD, D. 2016. Nurse-initiated telephone follow-up on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease improves patient empowerment, but cannot prevent readmissions. Dan Med J, 63.
LAVIOLETTE, L., LANDS, L. C., DAULETBAEV, N., SAEY, D., MILOT, J., PROVENCHER, S., LEBLANC, P. & MALTAIS, F. 2010. Combined effect of dietary supplementation with pressurized whey and exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. J Med Food, 13, 589-98.
LECHELER, L., RICHTER, M., FRANZEN, D. P., RAMPINI, S. K., CHEETHAM, M., JENEWEIN, J., BATTEGAY, E. & NOWAK, A. 2017. The frequent and underrecognised co-occurrence of acute exacerbated COPD and depression warrants screening: a systematic review. Eur Respir Rev, 26.
LEE, H. W., KIM, H. J., JANG, E. J. & LEE, C. H. 2021. Comparisons of Efficacy and Safety between Triple (Inhaled Corticosteroid/Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist/Long-Acting Beta-Agonist) Therapies in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Respiration, 100, 631-643. 
LEE, H. W., PARK, J., JO, J., JANG, E. J. & LEE, C. H. 2019. Comparisons of exacerbations and mortality among regular inhaled therapies for patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. PLoS Med, 16, e1002958.
LEE, P. N. & FRY, J. S. 2010. Systematic review of the evidence relating FEV1 decline to giving up smoking. BMC Med, 8, 84.
LEE, S. Y., NYUNT, M. S. Z., GAO, Q., GWEE, X., CHUA, D. Q. L., YAP, K. B., WEE, S. L. & NG, T. P. 2022. Co-occurrence of Physical Frailty and COPD and Association With Disability and Mortality: Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study. Chest, 161, 1225-1238. .
LEE, T. A., PICKARD, A. S., AU, D. H., BARTLE, B. & WEISS, K. B. 2008. Risk for death associated with medications for recently diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med, 149, 380-90.
LENFERINK, A., BRUSSE-KEIZER, M., VAN DER VALK, P. D., FRITH, P. A., ZWERINK, M., MONNINKHOF, E. M., VAN DER PALEN, J. & EFFING, T. W. 2017. Self-management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 8, CD011682.pub2.
LENFERINK, A., VAN DER PALEN, J., VAN DER VALK, P., CAFARELLA, P., VAN VEEN, A., QUINN, S., GROOTHUIS-OUDSHOORN, C. G. M., BURT, M. G., YOUNG, M., FRITH, P. A. & EFFING, T. W. 2019. Exacerbation action plans for patients with COPD and comorbidities: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J, 54(5).
LEUNG, R. W., MCKEOUGH, Z. J., PETERS, M. J. & ALISON, J. A. 2013. Short-form Sun-style t’ai chi as an exercise training modality in people with COPD. Eur Respir J, 41, 1051-7.
LEVIN, K., BORG, B., MILLER, B., KEE, K. & DABSCHECK, E. 2018. Characteristics of patients who progress from bridging to long-term oxygen therapy. Intern Med J, 48, 1376-1381.
LI, L. S., CAUGHEY, G. E. & JOHNSTON, K. N. 2014. The association between co-morbidities and physical performance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Chron Respir Dis, 11, 3-13.
LI, H., ZENG, Z., CHENG, J., HU, G., LI, Y., WEI, L., ZHOU, Y. & RAN, P. 2020. Prognostic Role of NT-proBNP for in-Hospital and 1-Year Mortality in Patients with Acute Exacerbations of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 15, 57-67.
LIANG, J., ABRAMSON, M. J., RUSSELL, G., HOLLAND, A. E., ZWAR, N. A., BONEVSKI, B., MAHAL, A., EUSTACE, P., PAUL, E., PHILLIPS, K., COX, N. S., WILSON, S. & GEORGE, J. 2019. Interdisciplinary COPD intervention in primary care: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J.
LIANG, J., ABRAMSON, M. J., ZWAR, N. A., RUSSELL, G. M., HOLLAND, A. E., BONEVSKI, B., MAHAL, A., PHILLIPS, K., EUSTACE, P., PAUL, E., WILSON, S. & GEORGE, J. 2018. Diagnosing COPD and supporting smoking cessation in general practice: evidence-practice gaps. Med J Aust, 208, 29-34.
LINDENAUER, P. K., DHARMARAJAN, K., QIN, L., LIN, Z., GERSHON, A. S. & KRUMHOLZ, H. M. 2018. Risk Trajectories of Readmission and Death in the First Year after Hospitalization for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 197, 1009-1017.
LINDENAUER, P. K., SHIEH, M. S., STEFAN, M. S., FISHER, K. A., HAESSLER, S. D., PEKOW, P. S., ROTHBERG, M. B., KRISHNAN, J. A. & WALKEY, A. J. 2017. Hospital Procalcitonin Testing and Antibiotic Treatment of Patients Admitted for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 14, 1779-1785.
LINDSON, N., AVEYARD, P. & HUGHES, J. R. 2010. Reduction versus abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD008033.
LIPSON, D. A., BARNACLE, H., BIRK, R., BREALEY, N., LOCANTORE, N., LOMAS, D. A., LUDWIG-SENGPIEL, A., MOHINDRA, R., TABBERER, M., ZHU, C. Q. & PASCOE, S. J. 2017. FULFIL Trial: Once-Daily Triple Therapy for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 196, 438-446.
LIPSON, D. A., BARNHART, F., BREALEY, N., BROOKS, J., CRINER, G. J., DAY, N. C., DRANSFIELD, M. T., HALPIN, D. M. G., HAN, M. K., JONES, C. E., KILBRIDE, S., LANGE, P., LOMAS, D. A., MARTINEZ, F. J., SINGH, D., TABBERER, M., WISE, R. A. & PASCOE, S. J. 2018. Once-Daily Single-Inhaler Triple versus Dual Therapy in Patients with COPD. N Engl J Med, 378, 1671-1680.
LIPWORTH, B., SKINNER, D., DEVEREUX, G., THOMAS, V., LING ZHI JIE, J., MARTIN, J., CARTER, V. & PRICE, D. B. 2016. Underuse of beta-blockers in heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart, 102, 1909-1914.
LIVERMORE, N., DIMITRI, A., SHARPE, L., MCKENZIE, D. K., GANDEVIA, S. C. & BUTLER, J. E. 2015. Cognitive behaviour therapy reduces dyspnoea ratings in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 216, 35-42.
LIVERMORE, N., SHARPE, L. & MCKENZIE, D. 2010. Prevention of panic attacks and panic disorder in COPD. Eur Respir J, 35, 557-63.
LLOR,  C.,  MORAGAS,  A.,  MIRAVITLLES,  M.,  MESQUITA,  P.  &  CORDOBA,  G.  2022.  Are  short  courses  of antibiotic therapy as effective as standard courses for COPD exacerbations? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther,72,102111.
LONG-TERM OXYGEN TREATMENT TRIAL RESEARCH, G. 2016. A Randomized Trial of Long-Term Oxygen for COPD with Moderate Desaturation. N Engl J Med, 375, 1617-1627.
LONG, H., HOWELLS, K., PETERS, S. & BLAKEMORE, A. 2019. Does health coaching improve health-related quality of life and reduce hospital admissions in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Health Psychol, 24: 515-546.
LORIG, K. R., SOBEL, D. S., STEWART, A. L., BROWN, B. W., JR., BANDURA, A., RITTER, P., GONZALEZ, V. M., LAURENT, D. D. & HOLMAN, H. R. 1999. Evidence suggesting that a chronic disease self-management program can improve health status while reducing hospitalization: a randomized trial. Med Care, 37, 5-14.
LUK, E. K., GORELIK, A., IRVING, L. & KHAN, F. 2017. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in a community-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme: A controlled clinical trial. J Rehabil Med, 49, 264-269.
LYTRAS, T., KOGEVINAS, M., KROMHOUT, H., CARSIN, A. E., ANTO, J. M., BENTOUHAMI, H., WEYLER, J., HEINRICH, J., NOWAK, D., URRUTIA, I., MARTINEZ-MORATALLA, J., GULLON, J. A., PEREIRA-VEGA, A., RAHERISON-SEMJEN, C., PIN, I., DEMOLY, P., LEYNAERT, B., VILLANI, S., GISLASON, T., SVANES, C., HOLM, M., FORSBERG, B., NORBACK, D., MEHTA, A. J., PROBST-HENSCH, N., BENKE, G., JOGI, R., TOREN, K., SIGSGAARD, T., SCHLUNSSEN, V., OLIVIERI, M., BLANC, P. D., VERMEULEN, R., GARCIA-AYMERICH, J., JARVIS, D. & ZOCK, J. P. 2018. Occupational exposures and 20-year incidence of COPD: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Thorax, 73 (11): 1008-1015.
MA, H., LI, Y., TANG, L., PENG, X., JIANG, L., WAN, J., SUO, F., ZHANG, G. & LUO, Z. 2018. Impact of childhood wheezing on lung function in adulthood: A meta-analysis. PLoS One, 13, e0192390.
MACDONALD, M. I., OSADNIK, C. R., BULFIN, L., HAMZA, K., LEONG, P., WONG, A., KING, P. T. & BARDIN, P. G. 2019. Low and High Blood Eosinophil Counts as Biomarkers in Hospitalized Acute Exacerbations of COPD. Chest, 156, 92-100.
MACFARLANE, J. T., COLVILLE, A., GUION, A., MACFARLANE, R. M. & ROSE, D. H. 1993. Prospective study of aetiology and outcome of adult lower-respiratory-tract infections in the community. Lancet, 341, 511-4.
MADDOCKS, M., KON, S. S., CANAVAN, J. L., JONES, S. E., NOLAN, C. M., LABEY, A., POLKEY, M. I. & MAN, W. D. 2016. Physical frailty and pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a prospective cohort study. Thorax, 71, 988-995.
MAGNUSSEN, H., WATZ, H., KIRSTEN, A., DECRAMER, M., DAHL, R., CALVERLEY, P. M., TOWSE, L., FINNIGAN, H., TETZLAFF, K. & DISSE, B. 2014. Stepwise withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD patients receiving dual bronchodilation: WISDOM study design and rationale. Respir Med, 108, 593-9.
MAHMARIAN, J. J., MOYE, L. A., NASSER, G. A., NAGUEH, S. F., BLOOM, M. F., BENOWITZ, N. L., VERANI, M. S., BYRD, W. G. & PRATT, C. M. 1997. Nicotine patch therapy in smoking cessation reduces the extent of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol, 30, 125-30.
MAIA, I. S., PINCELLI, M. P., LEITE, V. F., AMADERA, J. & BUEHLER, A. M. 2017. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists vs. long-acting beta 2 agonists in COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bras Pneumol, 43, 302-312.
MAJOTHI, S., JOLLY, K., HENEGHAN, N. R., PRICE, M. J., RILEY, R. D., TURNER, A. M., BAYLISS, S. E., MOORE, D. J., SINGH, S. J., ADAB, P., FITZMAURICE, D. A. & JORDAN, R. E. 2015. Supported self-management for patients with COPD who have recently been discharged from hospital: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 10, 853-67.
MALAGUTI, C., DAL CORSO, S., JANJUA, S. & HOLLAND, A. E. 2021. Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 8, Cd013569
MAMMEN, M. J., LLOYD, D. R., KUMAR, S., AHMED, A. S., PAI, V., KUNADHARAJU, R., GUPTA, S., NICI, L., AARON, S. D. & ALEXANDER, P. E. 2020a. Triple Therapy versus Dual or Monotherapy with Long-acting Bronchodilators for COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc.
MAMMEN, M. J., PAI, V., AARON, S. D., NICI, L., ALHAZZANI, W. & ALEXANDER, P. E. 2020b. Dual LABA/LAMA Therapy versus LABA or LAMA Monotherapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis in Support of the American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 17, 1133-1143.
MANNINO, D., BOGART, M., WU, B., GERMAIN, G., LALIBERTÉ, F., MACKNIGHT, S. D., JUNG, Y., STIEGLER, M. & DUH, M. S. 2022. Adherence and persistence to once-daily single-inhaler versus multiple-inhaler triple therapy among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the USA: A real-world study. Respir Med,197,106807.
MANTOANI, L. C., RUBIO, N., MCKINSTRY, B., MACNEE, W. & RABINOVICH, R. A. 2016. Interventions to modify physical activity in patients with COPD: a systematic review. Eur Respir J, 48, 69-81.
MAQSOOD, U., HO, T. N., PALMER, K., ECCLES, F. J., MUNAVVAR, M., WANG, R., CROSSINGHAM, I. & EVANS, D. J. 2019. Once daily long-acting beta2-agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists in a combined inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, Cd012930.
MARCHETTI, N., GARSHICK, E., KINNEY, G. L., MCKENZIE, A., STINSON, D., LUTZ, S. M., LYNCH, D. A., CRINER, G. J., SILVERMAN, E. K. & CRAPO, J. D. 2014. Association between occupational exposure and lung function, respiratory symptoms, and high-resolution computed tomography imaging in COPDGene. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 190, 756-62.
MARCHETTI, N., LAMMI, M. R., TRAVALINE, J. M., CICCOLELLA, D., CIVIC, B. & CRINER, G. J. 2015. Air Current Applied to the Face Improves Exercise Performance in Patients with COPD. Lung, 193, 725-31.
MARCINIUK, D. D., BROOKS, D., BUTCHER, S., DEBIGARE, R., DECHMAN, G., FORD, G., PEPIN, V., REID, D., SHEEL, A. W., STICKLAND, M. K., TODD, D. C., WALKER, S. L., AARON, S. D., BALTER, M., BOURBEAU, J., HERNANDEZ, P., MALTAIS, F., O’DONNELL, D. E., BLEAKNEY, D., CARLIN, B., GOLDSTEIN, R., MUTHURI, S. K. & CANADIAN THORACIC SOCIETY, C. C. E. W. G. 2010. Optimizing pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease–practical issues: a Canadian Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Can Respir J, 17, 159-68.
MARCINIUK, D. D., GOODRIDGE, D., HERNANDEZ, P., ROCKER, G., BALTER, M., BAILEY, P., FORD, G., BOURBEAU, J., O’DONNELL, D. E., MALTAIS, F., MULARSKI, R. A., CAVE, A. J., MAYERS, I., KENNEDY, V., OLIVER, T. K., BROWN, C. & CANADIAN THORACIC SOCIETY, C. C. D. E. W. G. 2011. Managing dyspnea in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Canadian Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Can Respir J, 18, 69-78.
MARENGONI, A., VETRANO, D. L., MANES-GRAVINA, E., BERNABEI, R., ONDER, G. & PALMER, K. 2018. The Relationship Between COPD and Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Chest, 154, 21-40.
MARIN, J. M., SORIANO, J. B., CARRIZO, S. J., BOLDOVA, A. & CELLI, B. R. 2010. Outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea: the overlap syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 182, 325-31.
MARKOULAKI, D., KOSTIKAS, K., PAPATHEODOROU, G., KOUTSOKERA, A., ALCHANATIS, M., BAKAKOS, P., GOURGOULIANIS, K. I., ROUSSOS, C., KOULOURIS, N. G. & LOUKIDES, S. 2011. Hemoglobin, erythropoietin and systemic inflammation in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur J Intern Med, 22, 103-7.
MARSH, S. E., TRAVERS, J., WEATHERALL, M., WILLIAMS, M. V., ALDINGTON, S., SHIRTCLIFFE, P. M., HANSELL, A. L., NOWITZ, M. R., MCNAUGHTON, A. A., SORIANO, J. B. & BEASLEY, R. W. 2008. Proportional classifications of COPD phenotypes. Thorax, 63, 761-7.
MARTINEZ-RIVERA, C., PORTILLO, K., MUNOZ-FERRER, A., MARTINEZ-ORTIZ, M. L., MOLINS, E., SERRA, P., RUIZ-MANZANO, J. & MORERA, J. 2012. Anemia is a mortality predictor in hospitalized patients for COPD exacerbation. COPD, 9, 243-50.
MARTINEZ, C. H., OKAJIMA, Y., MURRAY, S., WASHKO, G. R., MARTINEZ, F. J., SILVERMAN, E. K., LEE, J. H., REGAN, E. A., CRAPO, J. D., CURTIS, J. L., HATABU, H. & HAN, M. K. 2014. Impact of self-reported gastroesophageal reflux disease in subjects from COPDGene cohort. Respir Res, 15, 62.
MARTINEZ, F. J., BOSCIA, J., FELDMAN, G., SCOTT-WILSON, C., KILBRIDE, S., FABBRI, L., CRIM, C. & CALVERLEY, P. M. 2013. Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (100/25; 200/25 mug) improves lung function in COPD: a randomised trial. Respir Med, 107, 550-9.
MARTINEZ, F. J., VESTBO, J., ANDERSON, J. A., BROOK, R. D., CELLI, B. R., COWANS, N. J., CRIM, C., DRANSFIELD, M., KILBRIDE, S., YATES, J., NEWBY, D. E., NIEWOEHNER, D. & CALVERLEY, P. M. & SUMMIT Investigators. 2016. Effect of Fluticasone Furoate and Vilanterol on Exacerbations of COPD in Patients with Moderate Airflow Obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201607-1421OC.
MARTINSEN, U., BENTZEN, H., HOLTER, M. K., NILSEN, T., SKULLERUD, H., MOWINCKEL, P. & KJEKEN, I. 2017. The effect of occupational therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Occup Ther, 24, 89-97.
MATHERS, C., VOS, T. & STEVENSON, C. 1999. The Burden of Disease and Injury in Australia, Canberra, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
MATHESON, M. C., BENKE, G., RAVEN, J., SIM, M. R., KROMHOUT, H., VERMEULEN, R., JOHNS, D. P., WALTERS, E. H. & ABRAMSON, M. J. 2005. Biological dust exposure in the workplace is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 60, 645-51.
MATHESON, M. C., BOWATTE, G., PERRET, J. L., LOWE, A. J., SENARATNA, C. V., HALL, G. L., DE KLERK, N., KEOGH, L. A., MCDONALD, C. F., WAIDYATILLAKE, N. T., SLY, P. D., JARVIS, D., ABRAMSON, M. J., LODGE, C. J. & DHARMAGE, S. C. 2018. Prediction models for the development of COPD: a systematic review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 13, 1927-1935.
MATHIOUDAKIS, A. G., CHATZIMAVRIDOU-GRIGORIADOU, V., CORLATEANU, A. & VESTBO, J. 2017. Procalcitonin to guide antibiotic administration in COPD exacerbations: a meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev, 26.
MCCARTHY, B., CASEY, D., DEVANE, D., MURPHY, K., MURPHY, E. & LACASSE, Y. 2015. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2, CD003793.
MCCORD, J. & BORZAK, S. 1998. Multifocal atrial tachycardia. Chest, 113, 203-9.
MCDONALD, C. F., WHYTE, K., JENKINS, S., SERGINSON, J. & FRITH, P. 2016a. Clinical Practice Guideline on Adult Domiciliary Oxygen Therapy: Executive summary from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. Respirology, 21, 76-8.
MCDONALD, V. M. 2018. The Respiratory Nurse in Pulmonary Rehabilitation. In: CLINI, E., HOLLAND, A. E., PITTA, F. & TROOSTERS, T. (eds.) Textbook of Pulmonary Rehabilitation. 1 ed.: Springer International Publishing.
MCDONALD, V. M., FINGLETON, J., AGUSTI, A., HILES, S. A., CLARK, V. L., HOLLAND, A. E., MARKS, G. B., BARDIN, P. P., BEASLEY, R., PAVORD, I. D., WARK, P. A. B., GIBSON, P. G., PARTICIPANTS OF THE TREATABLE TRAITS DOWN UNDER INTERNATIONAL, W. & TREATABLE TRAITS DOWN UNDER INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP, P. 2019a. Treatable traits: a new paradigm for 21st century management of chronic airway diseases: Treatable Traits Down Under International Workshop report. Eur Respir J, 53.
MCDONALD, V. M., GIBSON, P. G., SCOTT, H. A., BAINES, P. J., HENSLEY, M. J., PRETTO, J. J. & WOOD, L. G. 2016b. Should we treat obesity in COPD? The effects of diet and resistance exercise training. Respirology, 21, 875-82.
MCDONALD, V. M., OSADNIK, C. R. & GIBSON, P. G. 2019b. Treatable traits in acute exacerbations of chronic airway diseases. Chron Respir Dis, 16, 1479973119867954.
MCKEEVER, T. M., HEARSON, G., HOUSLEY, G., REYNOLDS, C., KINNEAR, W., HARRISON, T. W., KELLY, A. M. & SHAW, D. E. 2016. Using venous blood gas analysis in the assessment of COPD exacerbations: a prospective cohort study. Thorax, 71, 210-5.
MCKINSTRY, A., TRANTER, M. & SWEENEY, J. 2010. Outcomes of dysphagia intervention in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Dysphagia, 25, 104-11.
MCKINSTRY, S., PILCHER, J., BARDSLEY, G., BERRY, J., VAN DE HEI, S., BRAITHWAITE, I., FINGLETON, J., WEATHERALL, M. & BEASLEY, R. 2018. Nasal high flow therapy and PtCO2 in stable COPD: A randomized controlled cross-over trial. Respirology, 23, 378-384.
MCKINSTRY, S., SINGER, J., BAARSMA, J. P., WEATHERALL, M., BEASLEY, R. & FINGLETON, J. 2019. Nasal high-flow therapy compared with non-invasive ventilation in COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure: A randomized controlled cross-over trial. Respirology, 24, 1081-1087.
MCLEAN, S., NURMATOV, U., LIU, J. L., PAGLIARI, C., CAR, J. & SHEIKH, A. 2011. Telehealthcare for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD007718
MCNAMARA, R. J., MCKEOUGH, Z. J., MCKENZIE, D. K. & ALISON, J. A. 2013a. Water-based exercise in COPD with physical comorbidities: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J, 41, 1284-91.
MCNAMARA, RJ., MCKEOUGH, ZJ., MCKENZIE, DK., ALISON, JA. 2013b. Water-based exercise training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD008290.
MCNAMARA, R. J., MCKEOUGH, Z. J., MCKENZIE, D. K. & ALISON, J. A. 2014. Physical comorbidities affect physical activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study. Respirology, 19, 866-72.
MCNICHOLAS, W. T. 2009. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea: overlaps in pathophysiology, systemic inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 180, 692-700.
MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WORKING PARTY. 1981. Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Report of the Medical Research Council Working Party. Lancet, 1, 681-6.
MEECHAM JONES, D. J., PAUL, E. A., JONES, P. W. & WEDZICHA, J. A. 1995. Nasal pressure support ventilation plus oxygen compared with oxygen therapy alone in hypercapnic COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152, 538-44.
MEGARITIS, D., HUME, E., CHYNKIAMIS, N., BUCKLEY, C., POLHEMUS, A. M., WATZ, H., TROOSTERS, T. & VOGIATZIS, I. 2023. Effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on physical activity outcomes in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ERJ open research, 9, 00409-2023.
MEHRAN, R. J. & DESLAURIERS, J. 1995. Indications for surgery and patient work-up for bullectomy. Chest Surg Clin N Am, 5, 717-34.
MEHTA, A. J., MIEDINGER, D., KEIDEL, D., BETTSCHART, R., BIRCHER, A., BRIDEVAUX, P. O., CURJURIC, I., KROMHOUT, H., ROCHAT, T., ROTHE, T., RUSSI, E. W., SCHIKOWSKI, T., SCHINDLER, C., SCHWARTZ, J., TURK, A., VERMEULEN, R., PROBST-HENSCH, N. & KUNZLI, N. 2012. Occupational exposure to dusts, gases, and fumes and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 185, 1292-300.
MEINE, T. J., PATEL, M. R., WASHAM, J. B., PAPPAS, P. A. & JOLLIS, J. G. 2005. Safety and effectiveness of transdermal nicotine patch in smokers admitted with acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol, 95, 976-8.
MELANI, A. S., BONAVIA, M., CILENTI, V., CINTI, C., LODI, M., MARTUCCI, P., SERRA, M., SCICHILONE, N., SESTINI, P., ALIANI, M. & NERI, M. 2011. Inhaler mishandling remains common in real life and is associated with reduced disease control. Respir Med, 105, 930-8.
MERCER, S. W., SMITH, S. M., WYKE, S., O’DOWD, T. & WATT, G. C. 2009. Multimorbidity in primary care: developing the research agenda. Fam Pract, 26, 79-80.
MILLER, M. R., HANKINSON, J., BRUSASCO, V., BURGOS, F., CASABURI, R., COATES, A., CRAPO, R., ENRIGHT, P., VAN DER GRINTEN, C. P., GUSTAFSSON, P., JENSEN, R., JOHNSON, D. C., MACINTYRE, N., MCKAY, R., NAVAJAS, D., PEDERSEN, O. F., PELLEGRINO, R., VIEGI, G. & WANGER, J. 2005. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J, 26, 319-38.
MINISTRY OF HEALTH. 2010. Mortality and Demographic Data 2007. Wellington, Ministry of Health.
MIRAVITLLES, M., ESPINOSA, C., FERNANDEZ-LASO, E., MARTOS, J. A., MALDONADO, J. A. & GALLEGO, M. 1999. Relationship between bacterial flora in sputum and functional impairment in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Study Group of Bacterial Infection in COPD. Chest, 116, 40-6.
MIRAVITLLES, M., FERRER, M., PONT, A., ZALACAIN, R., ALVAREZ-SALA, J. L., MASA, F., VEREA, H., MURIO, C., ROS, F. & VIDAL, R. 2004. Effect of exacerbations on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a 2 year follow up study. Thorax, 59, 387-95.
MIRAVITLLES, M., MORAGAS, A., HERNANDEZ, S., BAYONA, C. & LLOR, C. 2013. Is it possible to identify exacerbations of mild to moderate COPD that do not require antibiotic treatment? Chest, 144, 1571-7.
MIRAVITLLES, M., URRUTIA, G., MATHIOUDAKIS, A. G. & ANCOCHEA, J. 2017. Efficacy and safety of tiotropium and olodaterol in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res, 18, 196.
MIRAVITLLES, M., AULADELL-RISPAU, A., MONTEAGUDO, M., VÁZQUEZ-NIEBLA, J. C., MOHAMMED, J., NUÑEZ, A. & URRÚTIA, G. 2021. Systematic review on long-term adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of COPD. Eur Respir Rev, 30.
MITTE, K. 2005. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of psycho- and pharmacotherapy in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. J Affect Disord, 88, 27-45.
MOGULKOC, N., KARAKURT, S., ISALSKA, B., BAYINDIR, U., CELIKEL, T., KORTEN, V. & COLPAN, N. 1999. Acute purulent exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160, 349-53.
MOLIMARD, M., RAHERISON, C., LIGNOT, S., BALESTRA, A., LAMARQUE, S., CHARTIER, A., DROZ-PERROTEAU, C., LASSALLE, R., MOORE, N. & GIRODET, P. O. 2017. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation and inhaler device handling: real-life assessment of 2935 patients. Eur Respir J, 49.
MONTASTRUC, J. L., DURRIEU, G., SOMMET, A., DAMASE-MICHEL, C. & LAPEYRE-MESTRE, M. 2010. Anticholinergics, antimuscarinics or atropinics? About the words in pharmacology. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 69, 561-2.
MONTERO, M., DOMINGUEZ, M., OROZCO-LEVI, M., SALVADO, M. & KNOBEL, H. 2009. Mortality of COPD patients infected with multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a case and control study. Infection, 37, 16-9.
MOORE, E., PALMER, T., NEWSON, R., MAJEED, A., QUINT, J. K. & SOLJAK, M. A. 2016. Pulmonary Rehabilitation as a Mechanism to Reduce Hospitalizations for Acute Exacerbations of COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chest, 150, 837-859.
MORGAN, M. D. L., CALVERLEY, P. M. A. & CLARK, C. J. 2001. Pulmonary rehabilitation. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Subcommittee on Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Thorax, 56, 827-34.
MUKERJI, S., SHAHPURI, B., CLAYTON-SMITH, B., SMITH, N., ARMSTRONG, P., HARDY, M., MARCHANT, G. & MARSH, E. 2015. Intravenous magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single centre, randomised, double-blinded, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial: a pilot study. N Z Med J, 128, 34-42.
MULLEROVA, H., LU, C., LI, H. & TABBERER, M. 2014. Prevalence and burden of breathlessness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease managed in primary care. PLoS One, 9, e85540.
MULLEROVA, H., MASELLI, D. J., LOCANTORE, N., VESTBO, J., HURST, J. R., WEDZICHA, J. A., BAKKE, P., AGUSTI, A. & ANZUETO, A. 2015. Hospitalized exacerbations of COPD: risk factors and outcomes in the ECLIPSE cohort. Chest, 147, 999-1007.
MURPHY, T. F., SETHI, S., KLINGMAN, K. L., BRUEGGEMANN, A. B. & DOERN, G. V. 1999. Simultaneous respiratory tract colonization by multiple strains of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: implications for antibiotic therapy. J Infect Dis, 180, 404-9.
NADEEM, N. J., TAYLOR, S. J. & ELDRIDGE, S. M. 2011. Withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids in individuals with COPD–a systematic review and comment on trial methodology. Respir Res, 12, 107.
NAGATA, K., HORIE, T., CHOHNABAYASHI, N., JINTA, T., TSUGITOMI, R., SHIRAKI, A., TOKIOKA, F., KADOWAKI, T., WATANABE, A., FUKUI, M., KITAJIMA, T., SATO, S., TSUDA, T., KISHIMOTO, N., KITA, H., MORI, Y., NAKAYAMA, M., TAKAHASHI, K., TSUBOI, T., YOSHIDA, M., HATAJI, O., FUKE, S., KAGAJO, M., NISHINE, H., KOBAYASHI, H., NAKAMURA, H., OKUDA, M., TACHIBANA, S., TAKATA, S., OSOREDA, H., MINAMI, K., NISHIMURA, T., ISHIDA, T., TERADA, J., TAKEUCHI, N., KOHASHI, Y., INOUE, H., NAKAGAWA, Y., KIKUCHI, T. & TOMII, K. 2022. Home High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy for Stable Hypercapnic COPD: A Randomized Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
NAGATA, K., KIKUCHI, T., HORIE, T., SHIRAKI, A., KITAJIMA, T., KADOWAKI, T., TOKIOKA, F., CHOHNABAYASHI, N., WATANABE, A., SATO, S. & TOMII, K. 2018. Domiciliary High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Stable Hypercapnic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A Multicenter Randomized Crossover Trial. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 15, 432-439.
NANNINI, L. J., LASSERSON, T. J. & POOLE, P. 2012. Combined corticosteroid and long-acting beta(2)-agonist in one inhaler versus long-acting beta(2)-agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 9, CD006829.
NANNINI, L. J., POOLE, P., MILAN, S. J., HOLMES, R. & NORMANSELL, R. 2013a. Combined corticosteroid and long-acting beta(2)-agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 11, CD003794.
NANNINI, L. J., POOLE, P., MILAN, S. J. & KESTERTON, A. 2013b. Combined corticosteroid and long-acting beta(2)-agonist in one inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 8, CD006826.
NATIONAL EMPHYSEMA TREATMENT TRIAL RESEARCH, G. 2001. Patients at High Risk of Death after Lung-Volume-Reduction Surgery. N Engl J Med, 345, 1075-1083.
NATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 1998. A guide to the Development, Implementation and Evaluation of Clinical Practice Guidelines. Canberra, NHMRC.
NATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 2022. CEO Statement: Electronic Cigarettes. Canberra: NHMRC [available https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/health-advice/all-topics/electronic-cigarettes/ceo-statement].
NATIONAL HEART LUNG AND BLOOD INSTITUTE 1998. Morbidity and Mortality: Chartbook on Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases [2004 edition available http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/docs/cht-book.htm]. Bethesda, MD, US Department of Health and Institutes of Health.
NEEF, P. A., MCDONALD, C. F., BURRELL, L. M., IRVING, L. B., JOHNSON, D. F. & STEINFORT, D. P. 2016. Beta-blockers are under-prescribed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and co-morbid cardiac disease. Intern Med J, 46, 1336-1340.
NETT. 1999. Rationale and design of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT): A prospective randomized trial of lung volume reduction surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 118, 518-28.
NEUKAMM, A., EINVIK, G., DIDRIK HOISETH, A., SOYSETH, V., HENRIK HOLMEDAHL, N., KONONOVA, N. & OMLAND, T. 2016. The prognostic value of measurement of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T for mortality in a cohort of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. BMC Pulm Med, 16, 164.
NEWHAM, J. J., PRESSEAU, J., HESLOP-MARSHALL, K., RUSSELL, S., OGUNBAYO, O. J., NETTS, P., HANRATTY, B. & KANER, E. 2017. Features of self-management interventions for people with COPD associated with improved health-related quality of life and reduced emergency department visits: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 12, 1705-1720.
NG, T. P., NITI, M., TAN, W. C., CAO, Z., ONG, K. C. & ENG, P. 2007. Depressive symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effect on mortality, hospital readmission, symptom burden, functional status, and quality of life. Arch Intern Med, 167, 60-7.
NGAI, S. P., JONES, A. Y. & TAM, W. W. 2016. Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD009953.
NHLBI/WHO WORKSHOP REPORT. April 2001. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD): Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health – National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
NHS CENTRE FOR REVIEWS AND DISSEMINATION 2003. Inhaler devices for the management of asthma and COPD. Effective Healthcare: Bulletin on the Effectiveness of Health Service Interventions for Decision Makers, 8, 1-12.
NI, H., MOE, S., SOE, Z., MYINT, K. T. & VISWANATHAN, K. N. 2018. Combined aclidinium bromide and long-acting beta2-agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 12, Cd011594.
NI, H., SOE, Z. & MOE, S. 2014. Aclidinium bromide for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 9, CD010509.
NIELSEN, M., BARNES, C. B. & ULRIK, C. S. 2015. Clinical characteristics of the asthma-COPD overlap syndrome–a systematic review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 10, 1443-54.
NITENBERG, A. & ANTONY, I. 1999. Effects of nicotine gum on coronary vasomotor responses during sympathetic stimulation in patients with coronary artery stenosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 34, 694-9.
NJOKU, C. M., WIMMER, B. C., PETERSON, G. M., KINSMAN, L. & BEREZNICKI, B. J. 2022. Hospital Readmission Due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Health Policy Manag.
NOCTURNAL OXYGEN THERAPY TRIAL GROUP 1980. Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Ann Intern Med, 93, 391-8.
NONOYAMA, M. L., BROOKS, D., LACASSE, Y., GUYATT, G. H. & GOLDSTEIN, R. S. 2007. Oxygen therapy during exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD005372.
NORWEG, A. M., WHITESON, J., MALGADY, R., MOLA, A. & REY, M. 2005. The effectiveness of different combinations of pulmonary rehabilitation program components: a randomized controlled trial. Chest, 128, 663-72.
O’BRIEN, C., GUEST, P. J., HILL, S. L. & STOCKLEY, R. A. 2000. Physiological and radiological characterisation of patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care. Thorax, 55, 635-42.
O’DONNELL, D. E., BAIN, D. J. & WEBB, K. A. 1997. Factors contributing to relief of exertional breathlessness during hyperoxia in chronic airflow limitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155, 530-5.
O’DONNELL, D. E., REVILL, S. M. & WEBB, K. A. 2001. Dynamic hyperinflation and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 164, 770-7.
O’DRISCOLL, B. R. 2008. Short burst oxygen therapy in patients with COPD. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 69, 70-4.
O’NEILL, B., MAHON, J. M. & BRADLEY, J. 2006. Short-burst oxygen therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med, 100, 1129-38.
O’TOOLE, J., WOO, H., PUTCHA, N., COOPER, C. B., WOODRUFF, P., KANNER, R. E., PAINE, R., BOWLER, R. P., COMELLAS, A., HOTH, K. F., KRISHNAN, J. A., HAN, M., DRANSFIELD, M., IYER, A. S., COUPER, D., PETERS, S. P., CRINER, G., KIM, V., BARR, R. G., MARTINEZ, F. J., HANSEL, N. N. & EAKIN, M. N. 2022. Comparative Impact of Depressive Symptoms and FEV(1)% on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 19, 171-178. 
OBA, Y., KEENEY, E., GHATEHORDE, N. & DIAS, S. 2018. Dual combination therapy versus long-acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 12, Cd012620.
OBA, Y. & LONE, N. A. 2014. Comparative efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonist combinations in preventing COPD exacerbations: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 9, 469-79.
OBA, Y. & LONE, N. A. 2015. Comparative efficacy of long-acting muscarinic antagonists in preventing COPD exacerbations: a network meta-analysis and meta-regression. Ther Adv Respir Dis, 9, 3-15.
OGALE, S. S., LEE, T. A., AU, D. H., BOUDREAU, D. M. & SULLIVAN, S. D. 2010. Cardiovascular events associated with ipratropium bromide in COPD. Chest, 137, 13-9.
OHAR, J. A., CRATER, G. D., EMMETT, A., FERRO, T. J., MORRIS, A. N., RAPHIOU, I., SRIRAM, P. S. & DRANSFIELD, M. T. 2014. Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 250/50 mug versus salmeterol 50 mug after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Respir Res, 15, 105.
OLIVEIRA, C. C., LEE, A. L., MCGINLEY, J., THOMPSON, M., IRVING, L. B., ANDERSON, G. P., CLARK, R. A., CLARKE, S. & DENEHY, L. 2015. Falls by individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a preliminary 12-month prospective cohort study. Respirology, 20, 1096-101.
OLIVEIRA, C. C., ANNONI, R., LEE, A. L., MCGINLEY, J., IRVING, L. B. & DENEHY, L. 2021. Falls prevalence and risk factors in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review. Respir Med, 176, 106284
OLTMANNS, U., KAHN, N., PALMOWSKI, K., TRAGER, A., WENZ, H., HEUSSEL, C. P., SCHNABEL, P. A., PUDERBACH, M., WIEBEL, M., EHLERS-TENENBAUM, S., WARTH, A., HERTH, F. J. & KREUTER, M. 2014. Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: real-life experience from a German tertiary referral center for interstitial lung diseases. Respiration, 88, 199-207.
OMLAND, O., WURTZ, E. T., AASEN, T. B., BLANC, P., BRISMAN, J. B., MILLER, M. R., PEDERSEN, O. F., SCHLUNSSEN, V., SIGSGAARD, T., ULRIK, C. S. & VISKUM, S. 2014. Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic literature review. Scand J Work Environ Health, 40, 19-35.
ORA, J., LAVENEZIANA, P., OFIR, D., DEESOMCHOK, A., WEBB, K. A. & O’DONNELL, D. E. 2009. Combined effects of obesity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on dyspnea and exercise tolerance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 180, 964-71.
OSADNIK, C. R., MCDONALD, C. F., JONES, A. P. & HOLLAND, A. E. 2012. Airway clearance techniques for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, CD008328.
OSADNIK, C. R., MCDONALD, C. F., MILLER, B. R., HILL, C. J., TARRANT, B., STEWARD, R., CHAO, C., STODDEN, N., OLIVEIRA, C. C., GAGLIARDI, N. & HOLLAND, A. E. 2014. The effect of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy on symptoms, quality of life and incidence of re-exacerbation in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Thorax, 69, 137-43.
OSADNIK, C. R., TEE, V. S., CARSON-CHAHHOUD, K. V., PICOT, J., WEDZICHA, J. A. & SMITH, B. J. 2017. Non-invasive ventilation for the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 7, CD004104.
OSBORNE, R. H., JORDAN, J. E. & ROGERS, A. 2008. A critical look at the role of self-management for people with arthritis and other chronic diseases. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol, 4, 224-5.
OSPINA, M. B., MRKLAS, K., DEUCHAR, L., ROWE, B. H., LEIGH, R., BHUTANI, M. & STICKLAND, M. K. 2017. A systematic review of the effectiveness of discharge care bundles for patients with COPD. Thorax, 72, 31-39.
PACHAS, G. N., CATHER, C., PRATT, S. A., HOEPPNER, B., NINO, J., CARLINI, S. V., ACHTYES, E. D., LANDO, H., MUESER, K. T., RIGOTTI, N. A., GOFF, D. C. & EVINS, A. E. 2012. Varenicline for Smoking Cessation in Schizophrenia: Safety and Effectiveness in a 12-Week, Open-Label Trial. J Dual Diagn, 8, 117-125.
PAN, L., WANG, M., XIE, X., DU, C. & GUO, Y. 2014. Effects of anabolic steroids on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS One, 9, e84855.
PANERONI, M., VITACCA, M., VENTURELLI, M., SIMONELLI, C., BERTACCHINI, L., SCALVINI, S., SCHENA, F. & AMBROSINO, N. 2020. The impact of exercise training on fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pulmonology.
PAPAIOANNOU, A. I., KOSTIKAS, K., MANALI, E. D., PAPADAKI, G., ROUSSOU, A., KOLILEKAS, L., BORIE, R., BOUROS, D. & PAPIRIS, S. A. 2016. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: The many aspects of a cohabitation contract. Respir Med, 117, 14-26.
PAPI, A., VESTBO, J., FABBRI, L., CORRADI, M., PRUNIER, H., COHUET, G., GUASCONI, A., MONTAGNA, I., VEZZOLI, S., PETRUZZELLI, S., SCURI, M., ROCHE, N. & SINGH, D. 2018. Extrafine inhaled triple therapy versus dual bronchodilator therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TRIBUTE): a double-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 391, 1076-1084.
PARK, H., SATOH, H., MIKI, A., URUSHIHARA, H. & SAWADA, Y. 2015. Medications associated with falls in older people: systematic review of publications from a recent 5-year period. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 71, 1429-40.
PARK, S. K. & LARSON, J. L. 2014. The relationship between physical activity and metabolic syndrome in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs, 29, 499-507.
PARKER, K., PERIKALA, V., AMINAZAD, A., DENG, Z., BORG, B., BUCHAN, C., TOGHILL, J., IRVING, L. B., GOLDIN, J., CHARLESWORTH, D., MAHAL, A., ILLESINGHE, S., NAUGHTON, M. T. & YOUNG, A. 2018. Models of care for non-invasive ventilation in the Acute COPD Comparison of three Tertiary hospitals (ACT3) study. Respirology, 23, 492-497.
PARKES, G., GREENHALGH, T., GRIFFIN, M. & DENT, R. 2008. Effect on smoking quit rate of telling patients their lung age: the Step2quit randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 336, 598-600.
PARKIN, L., QUON, J., SHARPLES, K., BARSON, D. & DUMMER, J. 2020. Underuse of beta-blockers by patients with COPD and co-morbid acute coronary syndrome: A nationwide follow-up study in New Zealand. Respirology, 25, 173-182.
PASCOE, S., LOCANTORE, N., DRANSFIELD, M. T., BARNES, N. C. & PAVORD, I. D. 2015. Blood eosinophil counts, exacerbations, and response to the addition of inhaled fluticasone furoate to vilanterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a secondary analysis of data from two parallel randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med, 3, 435-42.
PASCUAL-GUARDIA, S., BADENES-BONET, D., MARTIN-ONTIYUELO, C., ZUCCARINO, F., MARIN-CORRAL, J., RODRIGUEZ, A., BARREIRO, E. & GEA, J. 2017. Hospital admissions and mortality in patients with COPD exacerbations and vertebral body compression fractures. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 12, 1837-1845.
PATEL, A. R., DONALDSON, G. C., MACKAY, A. J., WEDZICHA, J. A. & HURST, J. R. 2012. The impact of ischemic heart disease on symptoms, health status, and exacerbations in patients with COPD. Chest, 141, 851-7.
PATEL, I. S., SEEMUNGAL, T. A., WILKS, M., LLOYD-OWEN, S. J., DONALDSON, G. C. & WEDZICHA, J. A. 2002. Relationship between bacterial colonisation and the frequency, character, and severity of COPD exacerbations. Thorax, 57, 759-64.
PATEL, I. S., VLAHOS, I., WILKINSON, T. M., LLOYD-OWEN, S. J., DONALDSON, G. C., WILKS, M., REZNEK, R. H. & WEDZICHA, J. A. 2004. Bronchiectasis, exacerbation indices, and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 170, 400-7.
PATHAK, U., GUPTA, N. C. & SURI, J. C. 2019. Risk of COPD due to indoor air pollution from biomass cooking fuel: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Health Res, 1-14.
PAVORD, I. D., BEASLEY, R., AGUSTI, A., ANDERSON, G. P., BEL, E., BRUSSELLE, G., CULLINAN, P., CUSTOVIC, A., DUCHARME, F. M., FAHY, J. V., FREY, U., GIBSON, P., HEANEY, L. G., HOLT, P. G., HUMBERT, M., LLOYD, C. M., MARKS, G., MARTINEZ, F. D., SLY, P. D., VON MUTIUS, E., WENZEL, S., ZAR, H. J. & BUSH, A. 2018. After asthma: redefining airways diseases. Lancet, 391, 350-400.
PAVORD, I. D., CHANEZ, P., CRINER, G. J., KERSTJENS, H. A. M., KORN, S., LUGOGO, N., MARTINOT, J. B., SAGARA, H., ALBERS, F. C., BRADFORD, E. S., HARRIS, S. S., MAYER, B., RUBIN, D. B., YANCEY, S. W. & SCIURBA, F. C. 2017. Mepolizumab for Eosinophilic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. N Engl J Med, 377, 1613-1629.
PEACOCK, J. L., ANDERSON, H. R., BREMNER, S. A., MARSTON, L., SEEMUNGAL, T. A., STRACHAN, D. P. & WEDZICHA, J. A. 2011. Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD. Thorax, 66, 591-6.
PEDERSEN, P. U., ERSGARD, K. B., SOERENSEN, T. B. & LARSEN, P. 2017. Effectiveness of structured planned post discharge support to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for reducing readmission rates: a systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep, 15, 2060-2086.
PELLEGRINO, R., VIEGI, G., BRUSASCO, V., CRAPO, R. O., BURGOS, F., CASABURI, R., COATES, A., VAN DER GRINTEN, C. P., GUSTAFSSON, P., HANKINSON, J., JENSEN, R., JOHNSON, D. C., MACINTYRE, N., MCKAY, R., MILLER, M. R., NAVAJAS, D., PEDERSEN, O. F. & WANGER, J. 2005. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J, 26, 948-68.
PENG, S., TAN, C., DU, L., NIU, Y., LIU, X. & WANG, R. 2023. Effect of fracture risk in inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med, 23, 304.
PEPIN, V., BRODEUR, J., LACASSE, Y., MILOT, J., LEBLANC, P., WHITTOM, F. & MALTAIS, F. 2007. Six-minute walking versus shuttle walking: responsiveness to bronchodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 62, 291-8.
PEPIN, V., SAEY, D., WHITTOM, F., LEBLANC, P. & MALTAIS, F. 2005. Walking versus cycling: sensitivity to bronchodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 172, 1517-22.
PEPPER, J. K. & BREWER, N. T. 2014. Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review. Tob Control, 23, 375-84.
PERRET, J., YIP, S. W. S., IDROSE, N. S., HANCOCK, K., ABRAMSON, M. J., DHARMAGE, S. C., WALTERS, E. H. & WAIDYATILLAKE, N. 2023. Undiagnosed and ‘overdiagnosed’ COPD using postbronchodilator spirometry in primary healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Respir Res, 10.
PETO, R., SPEIZER, F. E., COCHRANE, A. L., MOORE, F., FLETCHER, C. M., TINKER, C. M., HIGGINS, I. T., GRAY, R. G., RICHARDS, S. M., GILLILAND, J. & NORMAN-SMITH, B. 1983. The relevance in adults of air-flow obstruction, but not of mucus hypersecretion, to mortality from chronic lung disease. Results from 20 years of prospective observation. Am Rev Respir Dis, 128, 491-500.
PEYTREMANN-BRIDEVAUX, I., STAEGER, P., BRIDEVAUX, P. O., GHALI, W. A. & BURNAND, B. 2008. Effectiveness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-management programs: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med, 121, 433-443 e4.
PHAM, J., PITNEY, S., SWEENEY, D., REEKIE, C. & HARKNESS, N. 2019. Poor initiation of smoking cessation therapies in hospitalised patients with COPD is associated with low levels of formal training amongst hospital doctors and under-utilisation of nursing-lead interventions. Intern Med J. 2019 Oct 7.
PHILLIPSON, E. A. & BOWES, G. 1986. Control of breathing during sleep. IN CHERNIACK, N. S. & WIDDICOMBE, J. G. (Eds.) Handbook of Physiology. The Respiratory System. Vol II. Control of Breathing. Bethesda, MD, American Physiological Society.
PILCHER, J., CAMERON, L., BRAITHWAITE, I., BOWLES, D., SWAIN, A., BAILEY, M., WEATHERALL, M., BEASLEY, R. & PERRIN, K. 2015. Comparative audit of oxygen use in the prehospital setting in acute COPD exacerbation over 5 years. Emerg Med J, 32, 234-8.
PINNOCK, H., HANLEY, J., MCCLOUGHAN, L., TODD, A., KRISHAN, A., LEWIS, S., STODDART, A., VAN DER POL, M., MACNEE, W., SHEIKH, A., PAGLIARI, C. & MCKINSTRY, B. 2013. Effectiveness of telemonitoring integrated into existing clinical services on hospital admission for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: researcher blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 347, f6070.
PITTA, F., TROOSTERS, T., PROBST, V. S., SPRUIT, M. A., DECRAMER, M. & GOSSELINK, R. 2006. Physical activity and hospitalization for exacerbation of COPD. Chest, 129, 536-44.
PLAZA, V., GINER, J., RODRIGO, G. J., DOLOVICH, M. B. & SANCHIS, J. 2018. Errors in the Use of Inhalers by Health Care Professionals: A Systematic Review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 6, 987-995. 
PLISHKA, C. T., ROTTER, T., PENZ, E. D., HANSIA, M. R., FRASER, S. A. & MARCINIUK, D. D. 2019. Effects of Clinical Pathways for COPD on Patient, Professional, and Systems Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Chest, 156 (5), 864-77.
POLLOK, J., VAN AGTEREN, J. E. & CARSON-CHAHHOUD, K. V. 2018. Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 12, Cd012346.
POLLOK, J., VAN AGTEREN, J. E., ESTERMAN, A. J. & CARSON-CHAHHOUD, K. V. 2019. Psychological therapies for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, Cd012347.
POOLE, P., SATHANANTHAN, K. & FORTESCUE, R. 2019. Mucolytic agents versus placebo for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 5, Cd001287.
PORTEGIES, M. L., LAHOUSSE, L., JOOS, G. F., HOFMAN, A., KOUDSTAAL, P. J., STRICKER, B. H., BRUSSELLE, G. G. & IKRAM, M. A. 2016. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Risk of Stroke. The Rotterdam Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 193, 251-8.
POSTMA, D. S., PETERS, I., STEENHUIS, E. J. & SLUITER, H. J. 1988. Moderately severe chronic airflow obstruction. Can corticosteroids slow down obstruction? Eur Respir J, 1, 22-6.
POSTMA, D. S., STEENHUIS, E. J., VAN DER WEELE, L. T. & SLUITER, H. J. 1985. Severe chronic airflow obstruction: can corticosteroids slow down progression? Eur J Respir Dis, 67, 56-64.
POULAIN, M., DOUCET, M., DRAPEAU, V., FOURNIER, G., TREMBLAY, A., POIRIER, P. & MALTAIS, F. 2008. Metabolic and inflammatory profile in obese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chron Respir Dis, 5, 35-41.
POULAIN, M., DURAND, F., PALOMBA, B., CEUGNIET, F., DESPLAN, J., VARRAY, A. & PREFAUT, C. 2003. 6-minute walk testing is more sensitive than maximal incremental cycle testing for detecting oxygen desaturation in patients with COPD. Chest, 123, 1401-7.
PRASAD, S., GAO, C. X., BORG, B., BRODER, J., BROWN, D., IKIN, J.F., MAKAR, A., MCCRABB, T., HOY, R., THOMPSON, B. & ABRAMSON, M. J. 2022. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Adults Exposed to Fine Particles from a Coal Mine Fire. Ann Am Thorac Soc,19,186-195.
PRINS, H. J., DUIJKERS, R., VAN DER VALK, P., SCHOORL, M., DANIELS, J. M. A., VAN DER WERF, T. S. & BOERSMA, W. G. 2019. CRP-guided antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbations of COPD in hospital admissions. Eur Respir J, 53.
PUHAN MA, BACHMANN LM, KLEIJNEN J, TER RIET G, KESSELS AG. Inhaled drugs to reduce exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a network meta-analysis. BMC Medicine. 2009a;7:2. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-2.
PUHAN, M. A., GARCIA-AYMERICH, J., FREY, M., TER RIET, G., ANTO, J. M., AGUSTI, A. G., GOMEZ, F. P., RODRIGUEZ-ROISIN, R., MOONS, K. G., KESSELS, A. G. & HELD, U. 2009b. Expansion of the prognostic assessment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the updated BODE index and the ADO index. Lancet, 374, 704-11.
PUHAN, M. A., GIMENO-SANTOS, E., CATES, C. J. & TROOSTERS, T. 2016. Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 12, CD005305.
PUTCHA, N., BARR, R. G., HAN, M. K., WOODRUFF, P. G., BLEECKER, E. R., KANNER, R. E., MARTINEZ, F. J., SMITH, B. M., TASHKIN, D. P., BOWLER, R. P., EISNER, M. D., RENNARD, S. I., WISE, R. A. & HANSEL, N. N. 2016. Understanding the impact of second-hand smoke exposure on clinical outcomes in participants with COPD in the SPIROMICS cohort. Thorax. 71: 411-420.
QUILL, T. E. & ABERNETHY, A. P. 2013. Generalist plus specialist palliative care–creating a more sustainable model. N Engl J Med, 368, 1173-5.
RABE, K. F., MARTINEZ, F. J., FERGUSON, G. T., WANG, C., SINGH, D., WEDZICHA, J. A., TRIVEDI, R., ST ROSE, E., BALLAL, S., MCLAREN, J., DARKEN, P., AURIVILLIUS, M., REISNER, C. & DORINSKY, P. 2020. Triple Inhaled Therapy at Two Glucocorticoid Doses in Moderate-to-Very-Severe COPD. N Engl J Med, 383, 35-48. 
RAM, F. S. & SESTINI, P. 2003. Regular inhaled short acting beta2 agonists for the management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax, 58, 580-4.
RAMACHANDRAN, K., MCCUSKER, C., CONNORS, M., ZUWALLACK, R. & LAHIRI, B. 2008. The influence of obesity on pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes in patients with COPD. Chron Respir Dis, 5, 205-9.
RAVELING, T., VONK, J., STRUIK, F. M., GOLDSTEIN, R., KERSTJENS, H. A., WIJKSTRA, P. J. & DUIVERMAN, M. L. 2021. Chronic non-invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 8, Cd002878.
REA, H., KENEALY, T., ADAIR, J., ROBINSON, E. & SHERIDAN, N. 2011. Spirometry for patients in hospital and one month after admission with an acute exacerbation of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 6, 527-32.
REA, H., MCAULEY, S., JAYARAM, L., GARRETT, J., HOCKEY, H., STOREY, L., O’DONNELL, G., HARU, L., PAYTON, M. & O’DONNELL, K. 2010. The clinical utility of long-term humidification therapy in chronic airway disease. Respir Med, 104, 525-33.
REGAN, J., LAWSON, S. & DE AGUIAR, V. 2017. The Eating Assessment Tool-10 Predicts Aspiration in Adults with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Dysphagia.
REILLY, C., SAILS, J., STAVROPOULOS-KALINOGLOU, A., BIRCH, R. J., MCKENNA, J., CLIFTON, I. J., PECKHAM, D., BIRCH, K. M. & PRICE, O. J. 2023. Physical activity promotion interventions in chronic airways disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev, 32.
REVILL, S. M., NOOR, M. Z., BUTCHER, G. & WARD, M. J. 2010. The endurance shuttle walk test: an alternative to the six-minute walk test for the assessment of ambulatory oxygen. Chron Respir Dis, 7, 239-45.
RICE, K. L., DEWAN, N., BLOOMFIELD, H. E., GRILL, J., SCHULT, T. M., NELSON, D. B., KUMARI, S., THOMAS, M., GEIST, L. J., BEANER, C., CALDWELL, M. & NIEWOEHNER, D. E. 2010. Disease management program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 182, 890-6.
RICE, V. H., HARTMANN-BOYCE, J. & STEAD, L. F. 2013. Nursing interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 8, CD001188.
RICHELDI, L., DU BOIS, R. M., RAGHU, G., AZUMA, A., BROWN, K. K., COSTABEL, U., COTTIN, V., FLAHERTY, K. R., HANSELL, D. M., INOUE, Y., KIM, D. S., KOLB, M., NICHOLSON, A. G., NOBLE, P. W., SELMAN, M., TANIGUCHI, H., BRUN, M., LE MAULF, F., GIRARD, M., STOWASSER, S., SCHLENKER-HERCEG, R., DISSE, B., COLLARD, H. R. & INVESTIGATORS, I. T. 2014. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med, 370, 2071-82.
RIDWAN, E. S., HADI, H., WU, Y. L. & TSAI, P. S. 2019. Effects of Transitional Care on Hospital Readmission and Mortality Rate in Subjects With COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Respir Care, 64, 1146-1156.
RIES, A. L., BAULDOFF, G. S., CARLIN, B. W., CASABURI, R., EMERY, C. F., MAHLER, D. A., MAKE, B., ROCHESTER, C. L., ZUWALLACK, R. & HERRERIAS, C. (2007) Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Joint ACCP/AACVPR Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 131, 4S-42S.
RIES, A. L., KAPLAN, R. M., LIMBERG, T. M. & PREWITT, L. M. 1995. Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on physiologic and psychosocial outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med, 122, 823-32.
RIES, A. L., KAPLAN, R. M., MYERS, R. & PREWITT, L. M. 2003. Maintenance after pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic lung disease: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 167, 880-8.
RIES, A. L., MAKE, B. J., LEE, S. M., KRASNA, M. J., BARTELS, M., CROUCH, R. & FISHMAN, A. P. 2005. The effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in the national emphysema treatment trial. Chest, 128, 3799-809.
RIETEMA, H., HOLVERDA, S., BOGAARD, H. J., MARCUS, J. T., SMIT, H. J., WESTERHOF, N., POSTMUS, P. E., BOONSTRA, A. & VONK-NOORDEGRAAF, A. 2008. Sildenafil treatment in COPD does not affect stroke volume or exercise capacity. Eur Respir J, 31, 759-64.
RIVERA-FERNANDEZ, R., NAVARRETE-NAVARRO, P., FERNANDEZ-MONDEJAR, E., RODRIGUEZ-ELVIRA, M., GUERRERO-LOPEZ, F. & VAZQUEZ-MATA, G. 2006. Six-year mortality and quality of life in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit Care Med, 34, 2317-24.
ROBERTS, M. H., MAPEL, D. W., GANVIR, N. & DODD, M. A. 2022. Frailty Among Older Individuals with and without COPD: A Cohort Study of Prevalence and Association with Adverse Outcomes. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis,17,701-717.
ROCHE, N., CHAPMAN, K. R., VOGELMEIER, C. F., HERTH, F. J. F., THACH, C., FOGEL, R., OLSSON, P., PATALANO, F., BANERJI, D. & WEDZICHA, J. A. 2017. Blood Eosinophils and Response to Maintenance Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treatment. Data from the FLAME Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 195, 1189-1197.
ROCKWOOD, K., SONG, X., MACKNIGHT, C., BERGMAN, H., HOGAN, D. B., MCDOWELL, I. & MITNITSKI, A. 2005. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ, 173, 489-95.
RODRIGO, G. J., CASTRO-RODRIGUEZ, J. A. & PLAZA, V. 2009. Safety and efficacy of combined long-acting beta-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids vs long-acting beta-agonists monotherapy for stable COPD: a systematic review. Chest, 136, 1029-38.
RODRIGO, G. J. & NEFFEN, H. 2015. A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Umeclidinium and Vilanterol for the Treatment of COPD. Chest, 148, 397-407.
RODRIGO, G. J. & PLAZA, V. 2014. Efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of indacaterol and Glycopyrronium for the treatment of COPD: a systematic review. Chest, 146, 309-17.
RODRIGUEZ, E., FERRER, J., MARTI, S., ZOCK, J. P., PLANA, E. & MORELL, F. 2008. Impact of occupational exposure on severity of COPD. Chest, 134, 1237-43.
ROE, L., NORMAND, C., WREN, M. A., BROWNE, J. & O’HALLORAN, A. M. 2017. The impact of frailty on healthcare utilisation in Ireland: evidence from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing. BMC Geriatr, 17, 203
ROEDE, B. M., BRESSER, P., BINDELS, P. J., KOK, A., PRINS, M., TER RIET, G., GESKUS, R. B., HERINGS, R. M. & PRINS, J. M. 2008. Antibiotic treatment is associated with reduced risk of a subsequent exacerbation in obstructive lung disease: an historical population based cohort study. Thorax, 63, 968-73.
ROEHRS, T., MERRION, M., PEDROSI, B., STEPANSKI, E., ZORICK, F. & ROTH, T. 1995. Neuropsychological function in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) compared to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sleep, 18, 382-8.
ROIG, M., ENG, J. J., MACINTYRE, D. L., ROAD, J. D., FITZGERALD, J. M., BURNS, J. & REID, W. D. 2011. Falls in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an observational cohort study. Respir Med, 105, 461-9.
ROJAS-REYES, M. X., GARCIA MORALES, O. M., DENNIS, R. J. & KARNER, C. 2016. Combination inhaled steroid and long-acting beta(2)-agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, Cd008532.
ROSE, L., ISTANBOULIAN, L., CARRIERE, L., THOMAS, A., LEE, H. B., REZAIE, S., SHAFAI, R. & FRASER, I. 2018. Program of Integrated Care for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Multiple Comorbidities (PIC COPD(+)): a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J, 51.
ROSENWAX, L., SPILSBURY, K., MCNAMARA, B. A. & SEMMENS, J. B. 2016. A retrospective population based cohort study of access to specialist palliative care in the last year of life: who is still missing out a decade on? BMC Palliat Care, 15, 46.
ROSS, L., TAVERNER, J., JOHN, J., BAISCH, A., IRVING, L., PHILIP, J. & SMALLWOOD, N. 2021. Burden of diagnostic investigations at the end of life for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern Med J, 51, 1835-1839.
ROSSI, A., VAN DER MOLEN, T., DEL OLMO, R., PAPI, A., WEHBE, L., QUINN, M., LU, C., YOUNG, D., CAMERON, R., BUCCHIONI, E. & ALTMAN, P. 2014. INSTEAD: a randomised switch trial of indacaterol versus salmeterol/fluticasone in moderate COPD. Eur Respir J, 44, 1548-56.
RUAN, H., ZHANG, H., WANG, J., ZHAO, H., HAN, W. & LI, J. 2023. Readmission rate for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Med, 206, 107090. 
RUGBJERG, M., IEPSEN, U. W., JORGENSEN, K. J. & LANGE, P. 2015. Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD with mild symptoms: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 10, 791-801.
RUTTEN, E. P., FRANSSEN, F. M., SPRUIT, M. A. & WOUTERS, E. F. 2013. Anemia is associated with bone mineral density in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD, 10, 286-92.
RYRSO, C. K., GODTFREDSEN, N. S., KOFOD, L. M., LAVESEN, M., MOGENSEN, L., TOBBERUP, R., FARVER-VESTERGAARD, I., CALLESEN, H. E., TENDAL, B., LANGE, P. & IEPSEN, U. W. 2018. Lower mortality after early supervised pulmonary rehabilitation following COPD-exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med, 18, 154.