…least eight weeks. Information on the forms of NRT available, PBS listing and initial dosing guidelines are available in the RACGP smoking cessation guidelines (http://www.racgp.org.au/your-practice/guidelines/smoking-cessation/) and the Australian Medicines Handbook…
…response curve (eg, 200–-400mcg salbutamol from MDI and spacer). Repeat spirometry 15–-30 minutes after bronchodilator is given and calculate reversibility. FEV1=forced expiratory flow in one second. FVC=forced vital capacity. …
Glossary of Terms 6MWD 6-Minute Walk Distance 6MWT 6-Minute Walk Test AAT Alpha-1 Antitrypsin ABG Arterial Blood Gas ACT Airway Clearance Techniques ADO Age, Dyspnoea score and Obstruction BODE Body…
…who had a diagnosis of COPD at baseline (based on medical record data), had an 83% increased risk of incident non-amnesic mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio 1.83, 95% CI 1.04-3.23)…
…a far higher mortality (20.1% versus 5.8%, p<0.001). Severity of dypsnoea in the stable state was strongly associated with both in-hospital mortality and early readmission (Steer 2012) [evidence level III-2]….
…a far higher mortality (20.1% vs. 5.8%, p<0.001). Severity of dypsnoea in the stable state was strongly associated with both in-hospital mortality and early readmission (Steer 2012) [evidence level III-2]….
…severe airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC <0.46) and either BMI <19 (HR 7.8, 95% CI 4.7–13.0) or previous history of pneumonia (HR 4.8, 95% CI 3.0–7.7) (DiSantostefano 2014) [evidence level II]. Risk…
…status as measured by the CAT score (-2.18 95% CI -4.14 to -0.22). Overall, there was no effect on breathlessness measures; however, in the subgroup of people with MMRC 3-4,…
…46% (risk ratio (RR) 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 0.76); NNT 12 and decreases the risk of needing endotracheal intubation by 65% (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.28 to…
…COPD factors were adjusted for across this study. Early life risk factors that could lead to lung problems in later life are discussed further by the European Lung Foundation: https://europeanlung.org/en/information-hub/keeping-lungs-healthy/early-life-risk-factors/…